Jan. 21, 1916. 
part of the summer their son-in-law and daughter, Mr. 
and Mrs. Gordon poe x New York. 
Miss Anne Morgan. td iss Elizabeth Marbury 
kave given active support to the “Amateur Night” ia 
which professional and socially prominent people will 
participate at the Plaza Hotel, Feb. 3, for the benefit of 
L’/Ambulance des Dames Daenienines de Versailles, the 
New Barnet (England) Hospital for Convalescent Sold- 
iers and the Hadley Hall Work Rooms for British Sailors 
ated Mine Sweepers. The hotel will give half the pro- 
ceeds of the supper to the three charities. Moncure Rob- 
inson is in charge of the affair which will be a combin- 
ation dinner, dance, play and supper. Those taking part 
im the entertainment include Mrs. Lydig Hoyt of even 
Cove, Miss Marjorie Curtis, Miss Helen Alexander, Miss 
Jane Cowl, Miss Elsie de Wolfe, Mrs. Patrick Campbell, 
Mle. Bordoni, Ferdinand Gottschalk, Mr. Beeman, 
Arnold Daly, Everet J. Wendell and Henry Wise Miller. 
NORDH SHORE “BREEZE 7 
Boxes will sell at $80, seats at $5 and tickets for only the 
dance at $2. 
Nine times out of ten it isn’t what one does so much 
as the way one does it that counts for good or ill. 
PALM BEACH. Many Philadelphia society peopie 
who are also North Shore devotees are in the sunny 
South. Mr. and Mrs. Gurnee Munn (Louise Wanamaker 
of Philadelphia) have a villa for the winter on the ocean 
front. Mr. and Mrs. Edward T. Stotesbury have reserved 
a suite at the Breakers for the month of February, and it 
is said will do much more entertaining than they did last 
year. Several members of the du Pont family of Phila- 
delphia and Wilmington, relatives of Mrs. F. B. Crowin- 
shield of Marblehead and Boston are down for the win- 
ter. Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Drexel Biddle and Mrs. Barclay 
ti. Warburton of Philadelphia are also booked for the 
season. 
‘“Niacoochee Mound” Investigated 
(Article Furnished by Smithsonian Institution, Washington) 
N excavating party under the di- 
rection of, Mr. F. W. Hodge of 
the Bureau of American Ethnology 
and Mr. George G. Heye of the Mu- 
seum of.the American Indian, New 
York, investigated the so-called Na- 
coochee Mound in White County, 
Georgia, during the past summer, and 
found it to be of comparatively recent 
origin, having been made by the 
Cherokee Indians and not abandoned 
by them until the 19th century. This 
information comes as a direct blow to 
many natives of Georgia who have 
for years cherished the belief that this 
particular mound dated back to the 
days of the Spanish conquest, and 
was connected intimately. with the 
beautiful legend inspired by the writ- 
ing of a well-known Georgian, whose 
publications were taken too literally. 
Mr. Hodge states that the word 
“Nacoochee” is not identifiable by 
the Cherokees as belonging to their 
language, and that by no means does 
‘it signify in. any Indian tongue “the 
evening star,” as has been “claimed. 
~ Without intending to be iconoclastic, 
the ethnologists ‘feel that the truth 
concerning this long held ‘‘mysterious”’ 
mound should be cleared up, both for 
the sake of American history, and for 
the purpose of differentiating between 
fact and fiction. It is now known 
that there is nothing mysterious aboitt 
it, its history does not cover a very 
long period, and there is no ground 
for believing that this or any other 
mound in the United States was rear- 
ed by people other than our Indians. 
The legend of Nacoochee, Sautee, 
and Yonah, of Indian “kings” and 
“queens,” and of the reputed visit of 
DeSoto to this locality in the 16th cen- 
tury, is purely imaginary; it is no- 
a 
i lle oy a. 
wise Indian in character or concept, 
nor is it even based on an Indian 
story, and needless to say, nothing 
was found by the excavators in the 
nound, which, by the wildest flight of 
imagination, could give credence to 
these fairy tales. 
The archeological investigations of 
the Nacoochee ‘mound, which stands 
on the property of Dr. L. G. Hard- 
man of Commerce, Ga., were under- 
taken jointly by the Bureau of Amer- 
ican Ethnology of tne Smithsonian 
Institution, and the Museum of the 
American Indian, sometimes called 
the Heye-Museum, of New York. 
The top of the mound which was 
leveled for cultivation some 30 years 
ago, now forms an irregular circle 
varying in its diameter from 67 feet 
io 83 feet. From the field in which 
the mound stands to the top is just a 
little over 17 feet, while the circum- 
ference. atthe basexis 41osteet. ltrs 
evident, however, that the size of the 
mound has changed somewhat by cul- 
tivation since its abandonment by the 
Cherokees, not only as to height, but 
aiso in the extent of its slopes at the 
base. 
Following the custom of the Indi- 
ans of the South, the Cherokees built 
this mound, partly for donicile and 
partly for cemetery purposes, by pil- 
ing up the rich alluvial soil from the 
adjacent fields. They did not rear it 
all at one time; generation after gen- 
eration is represented by the stratifi- 
cation exposed in the excavation, and 
bodies buried at different levels with 
undisturbed earth above them. The 
presence of fire-pits and the evidences 
of fires throughout the varying levels, 
and the finding of some objects pro- 
cured from the white man in the up- 
_per part and near the surface on the 
slopes, but not in the lower levels, in- 
dicate that the mound was built up 
gradually, and extended well into the 
modern historical period, which fact 
1s supported by the statements of old- 
est inhabitants of the Nacoochee val- 
ley. 
The graves of seventy-five indivi- 
duals were unearthed at levels vary- 
ing from near the top to below the 
criginal base of the mound. Most of 
the graves were unmarked, but in 
some of them there were stone imple- 
ments, shells or shell ornaments, 
smoking pipes, pottery vessels and 
similar objects. Nearly all the skele- 
tal remains were so greatly decom- 
posed that preservation or measure- 
ment was impossible, but an interest- 
ing fact was established when it was 
discovered that usually the indivi- 
duals were buried with their heads 
pointed in the direction of the sun- 
rise. 
Near the very base of the mound 
two graves were found to have been 
encased and covered with slabs of 
stone, and in one of them a beautiful 
efhgy vase of painted pottery, the 
only piece of painted ware found in 
the mound, was recovered. The type 
of this vessel and the stone graves 
themselves suggest the possible accu- 
pancy of the site by Indians before 
the settlement of the Cherokees in 
this locality. 
The large number of smoking pipes 
of pottery made in many designs and 
shapes and the amount of broken pot- 
tery found here form the most re- 
markable features of the excavations. 
But little ornamentation, except in the 
case of the single painted vessel, was 
(Continued to page 19) 
