22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
On various occasions, before the legal “ emancipation” of woman 
became effective and associations of women were clamorous for 
their “ rights,” the writer urged the fact that essential difference of 
physiology in man and woman must institute differences in mentality 
and intellectual function and that in consequence no man is com- 
petent to comprehend a woman nor a woman a man. ‘The thought 
was never very acceptable to women who coveted only the sup- 
posed “ rights ” or civic privileges of man. Ina presidential address 
given before the last meeting of the British Association for the 
Advancement of Science, Sir Charles Sherrington, speaking on the 
human mechanism, states that the sex essential extends to and modi- 
fies every cell in the animal anatomy, that is, in every constituent 
part of the human system there are immanent sex differences. Of 
necessity, therefore, as the body is the physical basis of mentality, 
there are inherent differences in the mentality of sex. The functions 
of the civic state can be perfected only by taking full account of 
these distinctions. 
The celebrated chicken’s heart which Dr Alexis Carrel has kept 
alive since 1912, illustrates most effectively the fact of the independ- 
ent life of the cell which is the ultimate organic component of animal 
tissue. Each cell lives for and of itself. Sir Charles Sherrington 
emphasizes the same fact in bringing forward the conception that 
man or any animal is essentially a “ colony ” of individual cells, each 
living its own life and discharging its own function in very much the 
same sense as the “colony” of such elementary animals as the 
sponge and its allies among the compound protozoa. 
The most competent authorities on petroleum consumption have 
made a forecast that the American productive supply, at present rate 
of consumption, will last 16 to 20 years. This statement has no 
reference to imports or new production. The annual production in 
the New York field is about 900,000 barrels. Our present estimate 
of the petroleum reserve still in the New York rocks is approxi- 
mately 90,000,000 barrels. On the basis of these computations New 
York wells may be expected to produce oil for a hundred years yet. 
The petroleum of the New York field, though limited in quantity, 
is of very superior quality, especially for lubricating purposes. No 
other region of the country produces an oil which commands so high 
a market price. 
The great flint quarries of the Algonquins situated a few miles 
below West Coxsackie, Greene county, discovered and described by 
