REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR, 1922 69 
acters upon which they were originally separated, since we have 
discovered nothing further to add. Only the one kind of foliage has 
been found; also only the one type of seed and male. fructification. 
It would appear then that only in the internal structure of the trunks 
could these two species of trees be distinguished while living; for 
surely if the two species differed in foliage and fructifications, with 
all the collections we have made, some evidence of this would have 
come to light. Stumps belonging to the type of E. textilis 
have been so far found in numbers greatly in excess of those of the 
E. erianus type; this might, also, account for the collection of 
only one kind of foliage and fructification, especially since the locali- 
ties from which the collection of this material was made were few 
and of limited extent. 
Summary 
In 1869 was made a remarkable discovery of fossil tree stumps 
in the Upper Devonian (Ithaca) beds of Schoharie county, in the 
vicinity of the village of Gilboa. In 1897, a few loose trees were 
reported from a higher horizon at the Manorkill falls a mile above 
the old locality. Special efforts in 1920 led to the discovery of these 
stumps in place at the Manorkill locality at the 1120-foot level, 100 
feet above the old locality. Since 1920 the city of New York has 
been doing construction work at Gilboa preparatory to impounding 
the waters of the Schoharie creek to meet with future demands. In 
the course of operations, the old locality, at the spot where the dam 
is being built, was uncovered and several specimens obtained; a new 
quarry at the 960-foot level was opened up 2300 feet north (down- 
stream) of the old location and has yielded the greatest number and 
the largest stumps hitherto found, one of the largest of this group 
having a circumference at the base of 11 feet. With the recent 
additions to our collections the Museum now has a total of forty 
stumps, partial or complete. At all three horizons the stumps were 
found with their bases resting in and upon black shale representing 
the original mud in which the trees stood, in an upright position with 
the trunk extending into the coarser sandstone above. At least, 
then, three successive forests of these trees reared themselves to 
great heights along the marshy borders of the unstable coast line of 
the shallow Devonian sea, were submerged, destroyed and buried. 
At the same time that the new tree horizons were discovered, a 
shale bed, in the vicinity of the Manorkill at the 1o20-foot level, 
yielded specimens of roots, foliage, and, most important of all, seeds 
