162 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
All of this remains in the literature and hinders a better under- 
standing of the accumulations of both stratified and unassorted drift 
associated with the gradual lowering of the surface of an extensive 
area of dead ice. Salisbury in his volume on the Glacial Geology 
of New Jersey gives a comprehensive account of the topographic 
forms referable to such areas and, in the text describing local 
details, the general principles are illustrated from almost every 
section of the glaciated part of that State. Yet the character of 
the recession was evidently assumed by the author to have been 
normal, for he finds no insuperable difficulty in leaving much of 
the glacier behind as it receded and in having the remnants 
remain unmelted while an ice front halted from time to time to 
build recessional moraines among them. 
As far as I have been able to learn, M. L. Fuller and F. G. 
Clapp, publishing simultaneously in the Journal of Geology in 
1904, were the first to interpret the evidence as indicating stag- 
nation of considerable extent. ‘The former, investigating the 
area Of Glacial Lake Neponset® writes: “ studies 
in Lake Neponset have led to the conclusion that the ice in that 
region, instead of retiring with a definite and somewhat regular 
front, had become absolutely stagnant before the history of the 
lake@began en) @eanduthemlattemm study imo ivel @harlecmnciiers 
Basin (Mass.)® concluded that: the evidence points to “the 
decay of the ice im situ for many miles back from the ice front — 
the decaying glacier consisting of a mass of stagnant ice, overlain 
and buried by sheets of water and by extensive deposits of sand 
and gravel.” 
Woodworth’ noted, concerning the “morainic ridge” north 
of the city of Albany, that “the rise of the ridge to 360 feet or 
over, in close accordance with the level of the Schodack terrace, 
suggests that the remnant of the glacier in this district may have 
been sheeted over with flood-plains of gravel while the depres- 
sions were filled with the same material.” 
Fairchild’ writing of the conditions obtaining during the for- 
mation of the broad sand plains along the southwestern base of 
the Adirondacks, says: “the ultimate escape of the waters must 
*Ice-Retreat in Glacial Lake Neponset and in Southeastern Massachu- 
setts. Jour. Geol. xii, no. 3, p. 181 (April-May). 
®* Relations of Gravel Deposits in the Northern Part of Glacial Lake 
Charles, Massachusetts. Jour. Geol. xii, no. 3, p. 198 (April-May). 
CIN, Wo Stee Wlwe, 1 CHL, i, W260), 
SN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 160, p. 19. 
