REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR, 1922 171 
Shawangunk mountain (Port Jervis, Monticello and Ellenville 
quadrangles) appeared above the lowering ice surface and, in the 
northern part, began to receive sediments immediately. As the 
higher slopes were uncovered, stagnant ice occupied the lower lands 
on both sides of the ridge. The more abundant drainage from the 
plateau south of the Catskills appears to have wasted the valley filling 
to the west more rapidly, for a stage was reached where the surface 
of the ice covering the basin of the Shawangunk Kill drained west- 
ward through the gap at Otisville (Port Jervis quadrangle) onto the 
ice in the adjoining valley. This stage was short-lived for the 
gap was not wholly cleared of ice’? when the superglacial waters 
found outlet in another direction. The basin to the east (Shawan- 
gunk Kill) contains a very fine series of kame-terraces and pitted 
plains at falling levels eastward as the superglacial and marginal 
waters followed the lowering ice. On the west of the ridge the 
stagnant valley tongue held up the waters of the several streams 
draining the plateau, and ice-contact deltas mark the local levels 
of escape against and over it. A massive filling of a cavity in the 
ice chokes the valley between Summitville and Phillipsport (Ellen- 
ville quadrangle) at the divide between northern and southern 
drainage. In this valley the divide (at 540 feet) has been swept 
by glacial waters but only while stagnant ice lay both north and south 
of it. 
The same general assemblage of features continues northward to 
the point where Esopus creek turns northward eight miles 
southwest of Kingston (Rosendale quadrangle). At this point 
an ice-contact, consisting of kames and broken ground, separates 
a pitted plain surrounded by contact slopes (elevation 380 feet), 
lying to the south, from the area of ice occupation now followed by 
the lower course of the Esopus.t* The level of this plain marks 
approximately the surface of a body of water sheeting over a field 
of dead ice in the Rondout valley. To the southwest are areas of 
ice Occupation and lacustrine clays deposited among separated and 
’ There is an error in the mapping at this point. The spot north of the 
railroad marked by depression contours is a bare rock knob, the end of a 
spur cut through by the railroad. There is, however, a small ice-block 
kettle across the road to the east, not shown on the map. The only land 
channel used by glacial waters follows the road around and north of the 
rock knob improperly mapped. Right up to the narrow pass, kameterraces 
and flat-topped heaps of drift rise to elevations of as much as 30 feet above 
the level of the small channel. The evidence is here very compactly 
assembled and would repay more careful study than I was able to give it. 
“This may represent the southern end of the thickened ice mentioned 
above but no attempt was made to correlate it with the area north of the 
Catskills. 
