7O NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
In helping the Indians it is estimated that the State expends $150,- 
ooo each year, or $30 per capita. 
The Indians of the State 
Pay no direct land tax 
Can not be sued in civil action 
Have no jails 
Have no public institutions 
Have no national coinage 
Have no custom houses 
Have no criminal courts 
Do not arrest or prosecute criminal Indians 
In these respects they do not appear in any sense as “free and in- 
dependent nations.” 
General Condition of Indian Tribes 
As a result of this visit it was plainly seen by members of the 
commission who followed the survey, that the economic interests of 
these Indians are the same as those of the surrounding citizen popu- 
lation. Their modern social organization is patterned upon the same 
model. They have no special requirements other than those sup- 
plied by or to be found in our Commonwealth. It is not needful 
that wild game, wigwams, blankets, beads and memorial medals be 
supplied to them now as in days gone by. 
The old day has passed and a new day has dawned for the Indian. 
In it he finds himself, in spite of himself, with a different outlook, in 
a different world, and moving toward a different goal, the same goal 
toward which the white man moves. 
It is therefore needful that instead of presents of trinkets, that the 
State and the Nation supply the Indian with the means by which he 
can advance himself toward that goal, when he is unable to supply 
these things himself. This is simple justice to the Indian and a 
protective measure for the benefit of the citizen community. 
In a broad sense, and without a spirit of cynicism, the Indian 
may be said to need the same things that the citizen community 
needs, and he must find the satisfaction of his needs in the institu- 
tions, customs and society of the civilized world. 
In an economic sense the Indian has no racial separateness. 
Tribal Rights of the New York Indians 
By the Treaty of Canandaigua in 1794, the various nations of the 
Six Nations within the boundaries of the State of New York were 
recognized, and the lands reserved to these nations or tribes were 
