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64 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Jan., 1900. 
peobers but as a general rule it is incorrect. The same time spent in hoeil§ 
the bottom of the bag. So long as the bottom is covered to a depth of one % 
more inches, the grain at the sides cannot flow in. Itis a simple but effect® 
arrangement.— Farmer and Stockbreeder. 
WATERING IN DRY WEATHER. 
Wuen vegetables begin to look parched, and the ground becomes dry, som 
gardeners think they must commence the use of the watering-pot. " 
practice, to a certain extent, and under some circumstances, may, perhaps, ™ 
requently stirring the earth amongst vegetables, is far preterable. Whe! 
‘watering has once commenced it must be continued—must be followed up, & 
you have done mischief instead of good; as, after watering a few times, al 
then omitting it, the ground will bake harder than if nothing had been done ™ 
it. Not so with hoeing and raking. The more you stir the ground amoly 
vegetables, the better they are off; and whenever you stop hoeing, no damage 
is done as in watering. The hoe is better than the watering-pot. 
A SUBSOIL PLOUGH. 
A wrtrer in the California Orchard and Farm says :—On one ranch we fou 
a subsoil plough running, drawn by six large mules, and controlled by two me 
The business part of the plough is a steel shank 20 inches long, and made shal) 
like a knife colter, and fastened firmly at the upper end into a large woode! 
beam. The lower end of the shank is mortised into a steel ingot about 2 te 
long, flat on the bottom, cigar-shaped on top, with a chisel-shaped point and? 
or 8 inches wide throughout its length. It runs horizontally under ground J 
the bar of an ordinary plough, only 16 or 18 inches below the surface, makill 
no more indication of what is going on below than a submarine boat, the om} 
evidence of its use being a small mark left by the shank. The implement ¥ 
run twice between rows each way, and, as the trees are planted quincunical, 1t7 
run diagonally, thus breaking up the hardpan under the entire space not occupie 
by the larger tree roots. Irrigation follows, and the water penetrates freely © 
the lower feeders. It is a success, and has solved the problem of dry-year ha 
panning. There is no patent on this subsoil implement, and it may be made b 
any good blacksmith. 4t is the most effective plough for rendering irrigat® 
easy and thorough, and by the use of a little Hattori it is harmless to the ro® 
of the trees. ; 
TREE FELLING BY ELECTRICITY. 
Ty the immense forests of Galicia (Austrian Poland) the trees are felled y 
electricity. No saw is used, but, instead of this, a number of augers © 
-employed. These augers are turned by a small engine driven by electricity. — 
AUSTRALIAN CATTLE AND SHEEP FOR SOUTH AFRICA. 
“We learn that a most successful shipment of fat stock was made by 
-ss. Warrnambool” from Sydney for Durban, Natal. The shipment consis 
-of 1,80u sheep and 60 bullocks. ‘The number of sheep shipped is stated by 
journal to have been 14,000, but this is a palpable mistake. During the voy# 
100 sheep were lost. The remainder arrived in splendid condition, and realil® 
high prices, the sheep bringing 3Us. and the bullocks £20 per head. The gt, 
return was thus £2,550 for the sheep, and £1,200 for the cattle—a total © 
£3,750, which would have been increased by £150 had no sheep been lost. 
At top prices last month the cattle would have sold at the Enoggera 8” 
yards for £7 per head, and the 1,800 sheep (if wethers) at 15s. 23d. per heads, 
£420 for the cattle, and £1,366 17s. 6d. for the sheep—a total of £1,786 17s. 0) 
showing a balance in favour of the Natal market of £2,113 2s. 6d., from wht 
must be deducted shipping, freight, feed, commission, losses, and other expe)” 
