q ‘| 
112 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. {i Fes., 1900. | 
AppLication oF GREEN MAnNvre. Hl 
Owing to their rank growth, many of the crops recommended for gre@ 
manure are difficult to plough in. In the case of cow peas, velvet beans, 
Mauritius beans, this difficulty may be overcome by allowing the crop to rem! 
on the land till winter, when it dies down and can be easily turned under 
This will not entail any serious loss of nitrogen, but will not have as benefit 
an effect as ploughing in green in soils that are of a heavy nature where oe 
advisable to bury as large an amount of green matter as possible, in order © 
obtain the best effects mechanically in the soil. Allowing the crop to rot 
the land also entails a loss of time, so that, where the land is required for thf 
succeeding crop at an early date, the manure should be ploughed in green. 
exact stage at which to plough in is when the plants are in full growth, J) 
when the seeds are beginning to form. If ploughed in earlier there will be? 
loss both of nitrogen and in bulk, and if allowed to get too ripe there is @ Jos 
of bulk—the crop is more woody and consequently more difficult to turn unde 
and takes longer to rot in the soil. . 
Where the crop is very heavy it is advisable to roll it before ploughing #” 
if possible to get horses through it; and then turn it under by means of a plows 4 
having a very large and sharp rolling coulter and cutting a 14 to 16inch fw | 
4 to 5 inches deep. A. strong sulky plough is the best that can be obtained, ®) 
it will cover better than any plough with which I have had experience. __ f 
In orchards, the use of green manure is better confined to the growing © 
one or two rows of beans between the rows of trees whilst the trees are youda! 
in old orchards it is not advisable, as, shoulda dry time come, the green crop W 
take the moisture required by the trees, which will suffer in consequence. I 
the case of young trees, however, it will do no injury to the trees, and the 
can either be allowed to remain on the land and rot, and be lightly ploughed 
during the winter, or it may be cut and used as a mulch round the B& 
themselves. Rei: 
The growing of one or two rows of pulses between the rows of trees in tt 
orchard has also a very good effect, especially on sloping ground, of prevent: 
the washing of the land during heavy rains ; the rows of beans being, of cout 
set across, and not up and down the face of the slope. 1 
Where a quantity of stock is kept, the feeding off of crops on the grow! 
is an excellent way of manuring the land; and the results, though not equal 
ereen manuring, are still satisfactory, and an immediate return is obtained 11 
the stock instead of waiting for the succeeding crop; the difficulty of plough eo 
in is also done away with. After green manures have been ploughed in, lt, 
not adyisable to allow the land to remain fallow for any length of time, as 1” 
will entail more or less loss, but the succeeding crop should be planted as 0” 
as the green manure is sufficiently rotted to admit of the land being worked. | 
Bee See 
ROADSIDE FRUIT IN EUROPE. d 
THe cultivation of fruit trees along the highways of France is being extent 
each year. The Government having first set the example, the commune* — 
certain departments adopted this practice as a source of revenue, so that 2? 
roadside fruit cultivation has become an important branch of national industt)) 
Tt is not, however, only in France that fruit trees have been planted along 
roadside. The United States Consul at St. Etienne says that in Germa)y) 
Belgium, and the Duchy of Luxemburg the system has been greatly develop 
giving satisfaction to the State as well as to local interests. On the Wurtemb”) 
roads, for instance, the fruit harvest from this source produced in 1878 0“ 
£40,000, and last year the returns had more than trebled. The annual reve?’ | 
derived from the national roads of Saxony planted with fruit trees rose i b 
£1,800 in 1880 to £8,400 in 1892, furnishing a total sum of £65,000 for 
18 years. In Belgium, according to the statistics of 1894, over 2,875 miles d 
roads were planted with 741,571 fruit trees, which furnished the large sum™ 
