1 Fup., 1900.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 123 
tanding tree. The- shade will be too permanent, and the plants will suffer 
ip to an incredible extent. The beds become hard as a metalled road- 
AY> any frequently moss-covered and sour. The seedlings will be found 
eens on little pinnacles of earth, and will become bark-bound and enfeebled 
ore they are 4: inches high. 
ag Wild seedlings and seedlings from old coffee-trees also suffer from drip, 
to are frequently ruined as plants in this way. © Wild” is the term applied 
3 i ‘Sown plants in land not under cultivation from seed papas by birds 
at ‘rmin. ‘The parent tree may be either cultivated or itself wild. This has 
old 9ccurred to any great extent yet in Queensland, but seedlings from under 
Coffee-trees 1 have frequently seen used with very doubtful success, such 
eel naturally having deteriorated. If a grower wishes to make use of these 
. ‘ny reason, I would offer a word of warning. Perfectly good plants may 
made out of these, but special care is necessary. It must be borne in mind 
“ i Selection of seed has been exercised, and, moreover, the seed has fallen 
enough ground compared with those in the germinating bed. Tf taken young 
the 8h there is some chance of making fairly healthy plants of them, but avoid 
young plant that, having three or four pairs of leaves, is about the thickness 
0 3 : ; a 
tee: 16 wire and about as hard. They will seldom come to anything, and if 
will Up as young plants, either from the serub (wild) or from under old trees, 
Jul be 
in th @ source of disappointment. Seventy-five per cent. of these will die out 
€ wild state before they are 1 foot high. If left till later—a year old or 
so : ; . 
and then taken, there is better chance of success with them as stumped _ 
Dlants, for by then Nature has carried out her own selection. 
n taking up these it is best to put them in a nursery bed after stumping, 
een oe or so before the planting-out season, by which time they will have 
the Paes. young suckers, one or two of which may be left on when put in 
aPparent This method is only used in case of dearth of plants; otherwise any 
. nt saving in trouble and cost of raising 1s lost. by the inability to tell 
: aed you are getting a good, bad, or indifferent class of tree and bearer until 
a es into bearing some three years afterwards. Accepting this risk, if 
will anne young and treated the same as other seedlings in the nursery, they 
Dlantin © good plants. These used to be used extensively in the old days for 
Dlanty up new clearings, but modern culture has discarded them in favour of 
Nowad tom selected seed, and very rightly, too, for coffee culture is not 
the YS the simple, easy way of making money it used to be 380 years ago, and 
and}. ver must endeavour to propagate his good and heavy bearing varieties, 
© always on the alert against deterioration of species. 
0 ten Canps—Among growers the terms “stumps” and “stump-plants” are 
1trsep prgunded: Stumped or stump-plants are obtained by leaving in the 
inches» f ® excess seedlings one year and cutting them back to within about 6 
he the ground, a month or so before being removed, in the same way as 
the i ae Seedlings (to be described in a later chapter), and being planted out 
Of fro ai year. Such plants will have on them subsequent growths or suckers 
cut stun, to 6 inches in length, one or two of which are left growing on the 
simple a P when planted out in the field. (See Big. @.) “Stumps” pure and 
1h the ae either plants that have in the same way been left over from last year 
adjoin ursery, or that have been found growing under old trees or in land 
of 728 the old clearing, and are pulled up and ‘ pencilled” or cut at the time 
lea anes out in the field: the one starts in the field with a certain amount of 
ave ready growing, and the other with none. Stumped plants or plants that 
Seedling sw time before ead been cut back, have no advantage over new 
Some 
Dlanty a this method of culture being used Baugh ally to use up valuable 
throyy °F good quality or variety in the nursery that otherwise would have to be 
deciq ey . or to get_a better and more sturdy growth on good stock that by 
Cttine ¢ neglect, or various reasons, become weedy, seedy, and spindly. This 
result ack or stumping is frequently resorted to im the field with excellent 
Plants ’s and this matter will, therefore, be dealt with again when writing on 
M the field. Stumps may be used to advantage when the weather is 
