356 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 May, 1900. 
‘Speed is the next item which it is of the greatest importance to ona 
Even with a proper temperature, where the speed is too low, me cued 
separation is sure to be the result. 
The speed required, which is, of course, applied to the milk in the form 
of centrifugal force (a force flying outwards and tending to void a centre); 
varies somewhat with different makes of machines Generally, the bowl 
‘required to revolve at a pace of 5,000 to 6,000 times per minute. be 
this purpose various device wheels are used to reduce the number of revolt 
tions to be made at the handle by the person turning the separator to @ a 
fifty or sixty. The maker will usually state with a machine the number, ° 
turns of the handle required to give the full and proper speed. In getting 
up the speed of a machine when starting, it must be done very slowly 2° 
gradually. The bowl is best filled with a little warm water at the commente 
ment, which, besides warming it ready for the milk, prevents the vibration 
and consequent wearing of bearings likely to occur in the case of an emp E 
bowl. Seeing, then, that a larger proportion of fat is lost in the separated ia 
when the speed is too low than is necessary, the milk should only start 1 
admitted when full speed. is attained. ? 
This also points to evenness of speed being a great desideratu™ 
dropping the speed because the arm aches furiously is certainly excusable 
one way, and yet not in another. As certain parts of a separator are liable 
wear, these parts require well oiling. ae 
Thoroughly oiled with a good oil, their lives may be prolonged consider, 
ably ; these wearable bearings, &c., may be renewed by the user, if possess 
of a fair amount of skill, when they are worn out, which should not often 
the case where the machine is carefully handled and well oiled. 
Good oil may be described as containing no acid substances liable to act of 
the surfaces it is used to lubricate, and is sufficiently fluid to run, and yet mus 
not be too thin, or, on the other hand, too viscid. 
It is impossible to set down the actual working years of a separator; 
much depends on how it is used. \ few 
The causes of separators working unevenly and shaking are many. Any 
of the most important might, however, be enumerated :— 
(1) Irregular inflow of milk. 
(2) Power applied unevenly. 
(8) Foundation not solid. 
(4) Bearings worn, &c. 
For those farmers in a large enough way, to my mind a boiler and turbin® 
poe is a very good investment. Separation is performed by a jet of tea 4 
which, being regular, is more likely to give results nearing to perfection than 
the case when the power is applied by hand. noe 
Also, by means of a jacketed feed vat, or, if it can be afforded, a Pasteuris® ( 
the milk can be warmed to an even temperature by steam from the boiler. 
plentiful supply of hot water and steam for washing up and scalding uten*! ae 
also always to hand, which is a great boon, steam knocking spots off most bag 
which may lurk in the pails, &e., if this order of plants has any indi¥! 
members large enough to be mottled.— Agricultural Gazette (London): 
30) me 
PIGS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT.—No. 5. 
Ture following paper on certain diseases of pigs, and the treatment rei 
was published last January in Bulletin 110 of the Ontario Agricultural Col a 
and pemermere Farm, Toronto, and was written by Professor G. H. Day, 1B 
Professor of Agriculture, in collaboration with Mr. J. Hugo Reed, V5. js 
Although we have no severe winter weather in Queensland such 4 At 
experienced in Canada, where it is necessary to carefully house live stock, J 
