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|! May, 1900.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 427 
_° results from Kitt’s pure-culture vaccine show a loss of 1°58 per cent. 
{Mong the vaccinated animals, while the loss among 13,183 unvaccinated cattle 
€ same pasture amounted to only 1°45 per cent. 
It appears from these statistics that vaccination in the shoulder region is 
t uite so safe as vaccination on the tail, especially when the inoculation 
dents are included; while, on the other hand, the single vaccination on the 
ulder with Kitt’s dry vaccine confers the highest degree of immunity. His 
&culture vaccine, however, was very unsatisfactory. 
In 1896 M. Strebel stated that the percentage of inoculation accidents 
creased during the previous year from 0:028 per cent. to 0°724 per cent., 
‘ twenty-two times higher than the record for eleven years. This he 
tibuted to a less attenuated vaccine which, at his own request had been 
pared by Arloing and-Cornevin. ‘The unfortunate results caused the Swiss 
| Yernment to order an investigation for the purpose of determining the best 
Paration for blackleg vaccine. A double vaccine was prepared at the 
| *terinary College in Berne, while the laboratories at Lyons furnished an equal 
mee of their double vaccine for comparision. Of the 4,202 vaccinations not 
Sthan 123 animals died from inoculations for blackleg, by far the greatest 
"centage falling on the Berne vaccine, and especially on animals which had 
|, Vaccinated m the shoulder region. Asa result of these experiments, the 
| 8s authorities again abandoned the latter method and returned to the slow 
“cumbersome inoculations on the tail. 
> The Bureau Vaceine.—As already stated, experiments were begun in_ the 
«thological Laboratory of the Bureau of Animal Industry in the fall of 1896 
“the purpose of preparing a blackleg vaccine which by a single inoculation 
Hi d produce practical immunity and still be sufficiently attenuated to cause 
(ya minimum amount of loss at the time of inoculation. All the various 
*thods already mentioned were tried, and it was finally decided to adopt 
%ne’s principle with Kitt’s modifications. The finely ground and sifted 
¢klee meat was heated in moist condition for six hours at a temperature of 
grees or 94 degrees C.,and the dried crust pulverised and divided in 
ets containing ten to twenty-five doses each. It was found that heating to 
degrees CO. for six hours, as recommended by Kitt, did not attenuate 
ficiently to make the vaccine safe in all instances. The same was the case 
Nth virus heated at 91 degrees and 92 degrees C. 
To ensure absolute uniformity of-temperature, a special oven provided with 
inch oil jacket was constructed, and the vaccine produced gave, so far as 
glld be ascertained by numerous inoculations, such uniformly good results 
it was decided to place a limited number of doses in the hands of reliable 
ckmen in order to have them test it in practice on their cattle. 
‘Bhp SuowrnG ror Ercur Srares THE NUMBER OF CATTLE VACCINATED, AND THE PERCEN- 
i TAGE OF Loss BEroRE AND AFTER VACCINATION. 
SR eS 
] Bq 
| BS Diep Arrer VACCINATION. 
aye B ae 
oa Ss on | . 
a | com, nO n 
By i ee 22 58 2 | 2 . | 328 
ye ee elk act ae B18 H |@oS| oz 
State. Bo Sg pigs 29 tp Fh ey Usha 
s | 32} 48 Bo = H |3Se| 3 
ve i a aia ae KY = Ce! Hes | % =) 
| f oh EAs a foe z= rape 
2 | #2] 82|. 28 | 2 |22) 4 je82| 2/8 
cp te She é Pal = fe ERS 
Pa ae fe 4 am EE Bie | &€ ey 
paid nh yoy | A TER | —— 
Tag | Percent] No. Percent | ie 
Wye... 164 13, "11,462. | 2:95 | 20 7 |i4l | 59 | 297 | O-45 
8b 
Xayitska 7 | 172 | 796 | 3:80 | 7 1 | 39 5 | 162 | 0-25 
aos ’S 140 | il 919 | 476 | 36 | 24 2 | 38 | 115 | 0:58 
J agito ar ede ip ae al 12'8 230. | 1:83 6 8(%)| 1200)) 4 | 138 | 109 
Mima tw. | | 87 175 471 | 5:96 2 2 20 15 37 | 0-47 
Vogt Perritory Tae 720 17°5 5OL | 781 Sl | 44 | (95 | 1:28 
Ming Dakotu =... | 22 | 12°75 | 133 | 2-18 : 25 ea oe 
Dakota... | 15 1275} 74 | 3:32 1 1 7 2 11 | 0-48 
Totul .., | 522 | 14 | 4589 | 363 | 72 | 41 | 455 | 192 | 700 | 054. 
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