158 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. ‘1 Mar., 1902. 
Is NirroGEn required? Then use sulphate of ammonia, nitrate of soda, dried 
blood; or guano. 
For supplying Porasu, use kainit or wood ashes. 
I will now close Part 2 of this series with the usual questions. 
Questions on Lesson 15. 
1. What is meant by the ‘“ Functions” of a fertiliser ? 
2. Describe an experiment illustrating the bad effect of too much nitrate 
of soda applied to a growing crop. 
3. What are the effects of Potash as a fertiliser ? 
4. For what plants would you employ—(a) phosphatic manures; (0) potash 
manures ; (¢) nitrogenous manures ? 
5. What function does lime perform in connection with the soil ? 
6. What is the effect of applying a phosphatic manure? How is the 
phosphate rendered soluble ? 
7. What should be considered before applying superphosphate to the soil? 
8. What fertilisers are needed for orange-trees ? 
9. What is the result of applying manures in too large quantities ? 
10. What do yellow leaves of a plant indicate? What do dark-green 
leaves show ? 
THIRD STAGE. 
Isr Lesson, 
What I have explained to you in the first two primers of this series will 
have served to give you a general insight into the Frest Prrncrpies oF 
Farmrya, and these lessons have taught you that successful farming cannot be 
carried on by rule of thumb. In these modern days you must farm on scientific 
principles or you will not succeed. I grant that many of our best farmers here 
m Queensland began in the days when the only farm implements required were 
the hoe, the axe, the firestick, and a cornsheller. Very little capital was needed. 
I myself began scrub-farming many years ago, when all the scrub was still 
standing on the banks of the great Southern rivers and creeks, and even from 
Brisbane to the Seventeen-mile Rocks and further the scrub was barely touched. 
My farm of 25 acres was all dense vine scrub on the banks of Ox ey Creek, 
with the exception of about half-an-acre of forest on a hill, and 3 or 4 
acres of ti-tree swamp. Wallabies, bandicoots, snakes, and iguanas were in _ 
possession of the land. My whole capital consisted of a boat, some splitting 
tools, a few hoes, a tent, and a month’s ration of salt beef, flour, tea, and sugar ; 
£20 represented all my available cash. There were no wheeled vehicles of any 
description in the district. All labour was done by hand, and all produce — 
carried on our backs from field to barn and from barn to the boat, which carried 
it to Brisbane or Ipswich. 
How this land was changed from a heavy scrub to a beautiful farm is what 
I shall now explain, for the reason that there are many thousands of acres of 
rich secub land in the State which many of you will no doubt some day take up 
and settle down on. 
SCRUB-FARMING, 
When you decide on taking up a scrub farm, bear in mind that you will 
have to do more than grow corn and potatoes in these days. Every farmer 
should keep dairy cows and pigs. So that, in addition to your scrub land, be 
careful to obtain a good area of forest or plain, on which to depasture a few 
head of good dairy cows and whatever horses you may require. I should 
advise that a portion of this land be at once fenced in with wire fencing, A 
three or four wire fence is cheaper, and can be more quickly erected than a 
two-rail split fence. Whilst you are fencing you can be also running out 
some slabs for your first “house,” and, if stringy-bark or box is handy, get off 
sufficient sheets for the roof not only of the house, but also of a cowshed. 
The house will, of course, be a very primitive affair at first : 20 feet long by 10 
feet or 12 feet wide will give you two rooms quite large enough for two people 
