1 Aprin, 1902.) QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 229 
There are various types of furrows. The one most commonly adopted is 
Tue Recrancunar Furrow, 
shown in Fig. 1, which gives a cross-section of a field ploughed in this fashion. 
SECTION OF RECTANGULAR FURROW. 
Here a fair amount of surface is exposed, the furrows lie compactly, the 
surface rubbish is well buried, and the soil of the furrow is level, thus allowing 
the water to run freely from the top to the bottom of the ridge. 
Fig. 2 is a cross-section of 
THe Crestep or Trarezorpan Eurrow, 
by which a greater surface is exposed than in the preceding type. Hence the 
soil is more influenced by the weather, and is more easily worked into a seed 
bed. You will find that on some soils there is a difficulty in making the furrows 
pack neatly together, consequently the surface rubbish is not well covered. 
Then there is another objection ; and that is, that on the land lying in ridge and 
furrow the notched soil hinders the water from running freely to the water 
furrows ; also, when cross-ploushing or turning the furrows back subsequently, 
the ledge left has to be cut, and this makes additional work. Then, again, a raw 
iece of soil is by this means brought to the top, and this is objectionable 
cane it will not work down well like the rest and tends to spoil the quality of 
the seed bed. At the same time the crested furrow is far better than'a com- 
pressed furrow laid flat. 
Tur Broken Furrow. 
Fig. 3 gives a section of a wide, broken furrow turned by the digging 
plough. This is a very suitable form of furrow for most purposes, especially 
on light soils where it is desirable to consolidate the seed bed. For wheat, for 
instance, it is desirable to consolidate the seed bed. The digging plough is far 
superior to the common plough in this respect, as the action of the digging 
breast is to loosen and disintegrate the particles of soil, and so produce a kindly 
tilth easily affected by frost. sun, and rain. 
I need not tell you that thousands of acres are ploughed each season 
which do not give the best results, for the simple reason that the furrows have 
not been properly turned. You will often see a farmer turning his furrows in 
such a way that they stand nearly upright; and if you watch him at work, you 
will see him every now and then dab his foot at a clod falling back into the 
furrow after the ploughshare has passed. ‘This gives him much extra labour. 
Besides this, the top of the sod will not decay, but keep on growing, and the 
grass and weeds will shoot up between the furrows, which causes trouble in 
after cultivation. 
