EE 
orm 
1 June, 1902.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 457 
The following season the vine will appear as at Fig. 6, and by following 
the rules already given in the choice of canes for spurs, the vine, after pruning, 
will be as shown in Fig. 7, There are five spurs in this vine although the 
photograph apparently shows four ; it was planted at the Biggenden State Farm 
as a cutting in July, 1899, and bore a crop in 1901. The same process is con- 
tinued, adding one or two spurs yearly until the number the vine is able to 
support is reached. 
Royar on Uninarrrat Corpon. 
This system, so called because it was first practised to any extent at the 
town of Royat in France, is an excellent one on which to prune trellised vines, 
and in some respects is superior to the Thomery espalier. The formation of 
the unilateral cordon is arrived at as follows:—The first year’s growth of the 
planted cutting (Fig. 1) is pruned to Fig. 2,asinthe Bush system. The follow- 
ing year, if the vineyard has been planted in good soil, the vine will have made 
a growth as at Fig. 8, having one 7-foot long cane A; thisis managed by severe 
disbudding during the previous spring and summer. ‘The cane A is attached to 
the bottom wire of the trellis at about 18 inches from the ground, as in Fig. 9; 
should there not be a sufficiently long cane available through weak growth, the 
vine should be pruned back to two spurs which will yield a good cane for next 
season. Supposing a good strong cane to have had its length shortened by 
injury, it may be laid down, taking great care to leave a bottom eye for the last 
eye of the cordon to make a shoot with which to continue the cordon next season 
(see Figs. 29 and 30). The cordon must, in either case, reach the next vine, as 
seen in Fig. 80, and the last eye must be a topeye. In bending the cane down 
to the wire the curve must be asin Fig. 9; from B plumb with the stock to A 
where cane and wire meet must not be less than 6 inches, better still 8.. This 
is a very important point that must be strictly attended to for reasons which the 
limits of this article forbid the writer to enter into. The curve in Figs. 10 and 
11 is too sharp. That in Figs. 9 and 14 is correct. The following spring all 
shoots from bottom eyes on the cordon, together with any issuing from below 
the curve, must be rigorously disbudded. 
In the succeeding winter the vine will have the appearance of Fig. 10. 
This photograph was taken of a vine that had suffered from a dry season. 
Under ordinary circumstances, the canes would have made stronger growth. 
Some vigour was also wasted on the canes below the curve which should have 
been removed in the spring. The cane chosen for the first spur must be 
not less than 12 inches trom the vertical line of the stock. Should two canes 
offer, one at 9 and one at 15 inches, choose the latter. This is all-important, 
the reason being that if the first spur is less than 12 inches from the stock 
it will absorb a superabundance of sap causing a heavy growth of wood with 
a corresponding weakening of the other spurs (see Fig. 15). Even at 12 
inchés distance the spur will for the first few years make greater growth than 
those in the middle of the cordon. Having chosen a cane for the first 
spur, prune it to two eyes. The next spur should be at from 6 to 8 inches 
distance, removing any intervening canes clean with the stock, and so on to 
the end of the cordon; all canes growing from the under side.should be 
runed off, also all wood on the stock below the first spur. The vine will 
then be as at Fig. 11, with from eight to ten spurs. This number will not be 
found to be too many in ordinary fertile soil in Queensland. If the number is 
reduced, there will be a growth of too much wood, or else the mixed Royat 
system will have to be resorted to. If the previous season the cordon had not 
attained its full length, it should do so now by laying down the cane issued 
from the last eye as shown in Figs. 29 and 30. The following winter the vine 
will have made a growth as at Fig. 13. It will be noticed that two of the spurs 
have only one cane each, the others having been broken off by wind in the 
spring. Proceed to prune all but the last spur, as in the Bush system, by 
cutting out the top cane and pruning the lower to two eyes; spur A in ligs.. 
13 and 14 shows how this is done. The last spur, B, is pruned differently.; 
Instead:of cutting out the upper cane, it is pruned to four or five eyes, and 
