1 Junz, 1902.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 459 
The second method is to allow the shoots from Fig. 2 to grow without 
any pinching back and to lay down a cane the following winter, as in Fig. 9, 
but with less curvature and extending but half the distance to the next vine. 
At the summer pruning instead of removing all the shoots starting from below 
the curve, one is allowed to remain as at B, in Fig. 10, about 4 inches below 
the bottom wire. When the vine is pruned the following winter, this cane B 
is tied down to the wire in the opposite direction to the other arm and pruned 
to an equal length, the canes on last year’s arm A chosen for spurs being 
pruned to two eyes each, the vine then appearing as at Fig. 16. Next year 
spurs will be formed on B as on A, and a year later the vine will be fully 
formed as represented by Fig. 17. It is obvious that it would not do to form 
the first spur on either arm at 12 inches from the curve as in the Royat, for 
in that case there would be from 2 to 3 feet of blank space in the middle of 
the vine; the first spurs must therefore be formed at not more than 6 inches 
from the curve or even less, and this fact constitutes, in the writer’s opinion, 
the most serious defect of the system for reasons before mentioned. It will 
be seen that Fig. 17 is a better shaped vine than Fig. 16, but the latter was 
the only vine in course of formation that the writer could use for an illustra- 
tion. It must be well understood that the shape is not given as a model; 
Fig. 17 is far better. The principal objection against laying down the second 
arm a year after the first is that subsequently the sap has a tendency to favour 
the first arm to the detriment of the second; it remains stronger and thicker. 
But in Queensland, such is the vigour of vegetation of vines in moderately 
good soil, this slight disparity does not seem to affect the crop on the later 
arm, so far as the writer has been able to judge. But whichever way the vine 
is formed, the system itself is inferior to the Royat for the following reason :— 
Opponents of the Royat system urge that the unconquerable tendency of the 
sap to favour the first and last spurs on the cordon to the detriment of the 
others constitutes a serious defect. If so, it is a double defect in the Thomery 
espalier, which has practically two first and two last spurs on the cordon, to 
which must be added the blank space in the middle of the vine only to be 
remedied by bringing the first spurs right on to the two bends with the result 
as seen in Fig. 14. The writer has frequently met with spurs close to the 
stock that practically absorb all the vine’s vigour, starving to death the more 
remote spurs. 
LONG PRUNING. 
. By long pruning is understood those systems in which every year one or 
more temporary rods of more than three eyes each are left on the vine to 
produce fruit, together with short spurs for the reproduction of wood. The 
object of pruning long is principally to obtain fruit from those vines which 
would give a poor crop if pruned short, as the fertile eyes of the canes of 
these varieties are not situated near the base of the cane. It is also resorted 
to for obtaining an abundant crop from very vigorous vines. It is divided into 
several systems, of which three are recommendable for Queensland—the Guyot, 
the Bordelaise espalier or double Guyot, the Cazenave. 
THE Guyor. 
This system of pruning is called after Dr. Guyot, an eminent French 
viticulturist, who invented or introduced it. The first year’s growth of the 
vine is pruned as in Fig. 2, and the following winter the vine will appear as in 
Fig. 18 (the vines in Figs. 4 and 8 would be equally serviceable). Of the 
several canes issued from the stock one, A, is pruned to two eyes, and another, 
B, is pruned to six or eight eyes and fixed to the bottom wire of the trellis. 
The vine will then resemble Fig. 19. The wire is not shown in the illustration, 
as the vineyard was trellised subsequently. The object of the short spur is to 
provide two canes for the next pruning, one to be utilised for a fruit-rod, the 
other for forming a return spur. 
The following winter the vine would appear as in Fig. 20. The spur had 
made two canes, A and B. In the ordinary course of things A should have 
pruned to eight eyes and attached to the wire as a fruit-rod, and B pruned to 
