1 June, 1902.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 461 
looked for in the case of short-pruned vines. For this reason, at the State 
vineyards subject to late frosts, the writer leaves as many as fifteen eyes on 
each fruit-rod. A considerable number of these remain dormant in the spring 
and are a reserve in case of damage by frosts. Jf, on the other hand, more 
buds burst than the vine can support, some of the shoots are disbudded to 
avoid distressing it. 
THe Cazenave Sysrem, 
So called after the viticulturist who first invented it, is long pruning 
adapted to the cordon shape of vine, as the Bordelaise espalier may be said to 
be long pruning adapted to bush-shaped vines. The formation of the Cazenave 
follows the lines of the Royat system, until the vine is as represented in Fig. 
12. The vine is then pruned, as follows :— 
The spurs A, D, F, and H are removed close to the stock, and B, C, B, G, 
and I are left. Instead of pruning off the upper canes of these spurs they are 
cut to six or eight eyes each (the number of eyes depends entirely on the 
vigour of the plant) and attached to the wire above, whilst the lower canes of 
the spurs are pruned to two eyes each to form return spurs. As already 
explained, the eyes to bear fruit should be on the upper surface of the cane, 
the lower eyes should be disbudded in the spring, except for vines with very 
long internodes, when top and bottom eyes may be counted. 
_ To the writer’s great regret, an accident occurred to the photograph plates of 
the vine pruned on this system, so a reproduction from a work on pruning is 
necessary to give an idea of the shape of the vine after pruning, which is given 
at Fig. 26. The writer, however, prefers a modification of this system; he 
trains the cordon on the second wire and ties down the fruit-rods to the bottom 
wire. In his opinion the system, as illustrated in Fig. 26, is not in accordance 
with the principles of pruning as given in law 4. These vertical rods lead toa 
production of much wood and to consequent loss of fruit, whereas in the 
writer's modification, the downward direction of the fruit-rods give rise to 
production of fruit (law 4). The following year, the fruit-rods are pruned 
away close to the stock and the two canes issued from the spur are treated as 
before—the upper made into a fruit-rod and the lower into a spur. The 
Cazenave system is to be recommended for strong-growing vines like the 
Morillion, Lenoir, &e. 
MIXED PRUNING, 
. Mixed pruning is, as its name implies, a mixture of long and short pruning, 
and is adopted when the spurs on a short-pruned vine are unable to utilise all 
the sap secreted by it, and it is not possible or convenient to form fresh spurs 
to do so. In this case one or two fruit-rods are managed to transform the 
superfluous vigour into fruit. Fig. 27 shows a vine pruned in this fashion. 
Two spurs, B, H, are pruned on the Cazenave system—i.e,, with fruit-rod and 
return spur; the remainder, A, OC, D, F, G are pruned short, and H is pruned 
with the short fruit-rod as is usual in the Royat system. The following year 
the spurs. B, E must be short pruned, and two other spurs, C, F, or D, G, 
pruned long. No spur must be pruned long two years running, but each must 
take its turn, otherwise there would be.a preponderance ‘of sap to the spur 
always pruned long. ~ : 
Another instance of mixed pruning is shown in Fig. 28, where a: fruit-rod 
is left on one of the spurs of a bush-pruned vine, the end being tied down to the 
vine itself, or to the stake supporting it. As in the preceding case, the fruit- 
rod must be changed from spur to spur every year. 
. This is, in as concise a form as possible, a description of the systems of 
pruning which will suit the requirements of Queensland vignerons, the 
procedure being also, adapted to the .Queensland climate, where, in one year, a 
vine makes a growth requiring two, and even three, in Europe. There are 
other systems of: pruning which the writer refrains from describing, partly 
because they are unfitted for this State’s climatic conditions; and also because 
this description must be condensed within the limits of an article, and not 
expanded to the dimensions of a pamphlet. te Saas 
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