- s 
IMMIGRATION’S MENACE. 
(Continued from Page Io.) 
grations, conquests, and industrial 
development. ‘l'o the philologist and 
the ethnologist it is of great impor- 
tance to determine the ethical di- 
visions of mankind in the earliest his- 
toric times. ‘To the scientific modern 
historian, to the student of social phe- 
nomena, and to the statesman alike, 
the early ethnic divisions are of little 
consequence, but the sharply marked 
race divisions which have been grad- 
ually developed by the conditions and 
events of the last thousand years are 
absolutely vital. It is by these con- 
ditions and events that the races or 
nations which today govern the world 
have been produced, and it is their 
characteristics which it is important 
for us to understand. 
How, then, has the English-speak- 
ing race, which today controls so 
Warge a part of the earth’s surface, 
jbeen formed? Great Britain and 
\Ireland at the time of the Roman 
|conquest were populated by Celtic 
tribes. After the downfall of the 
Roman Empire these tribes remained 
in possession of the islands with prob- 
Jably but very slight infusion of Latin 
iblood. ‘Then came what is commonly 
jknown as the Saxon invasion. Cer- 
tain North German tribes, own bro- 
thers to those other tribes which 
iswept southward and westward over 
lthe whole Roman Empire, crossed 
the English Channel and landed in 
the corner of England known as the 
fusle of Thanet. They were hard 
fighters, pagans, and adventurers. 
|They swept over the whole of Eng- 
land and the Lowlands of Scotland. 
{A few British words like basket, re- 
‘lating to domestic employments, indi- 
cate that only women of the con- 
tquered race, and not many of those, 
lwere spared. The extermination was 
|fierce and thorough. The native Celts 
fwere driven back into the Highlands 
jof Scotland and to the edge of the 
jsea in Cornwall and Wales, while all 
ithe rest of the land became Saxon. 
The conquerors established them- 
selves in their new country, were con- 
verted to Christianity, and began to 
advance in civilization. ‘Then came 
a fresh wave from the Germanic 
tribes. ‘This time it was the Danes. 
They were of the same blood as the 
Saxons, and the two kindred races 
fought hard for the possession of 
England until the last comers pre- 
vailed and their chiefs reached the 
throne. Then in 1066 there was an- 
jother invasion, this time from the 
shores of France. But the new in- 
NORTH SHORE BREEZE 
vaders and conquerors were not 
Frenchmen. As Carlyle says, they 
were only Saxons who spoke French. 
A hundred years before, these Nor- 
mans, or Northmen, northernmost of 
all the Germanic tribes, had des- 
cended from their land of snow and 
ice upon Europe. They were the 
most remarkable of all the people 
who poured out of the Germanic for- 
ests. They came upon Europe in 
their long, low ships, a set of fighting 
pirates and buccaneers, and yet these 
same pirates brought with them out 
of the darkness and cold of the north 
a remarkable literature and a strange 
and poetic mythology. Wherever 
they went they conquered, and 
wherever they stopped they set up for 
themselves dukedoms, principalities, 
and kingdoms. ‘To them we owe the 
marvels of Gothic architecture, for it 
was they who were the great builders 
and architects of medieval Europe. 
They were great military engineers 
as well and revived the art of fortified 
defense, which had been lost to the 
world. ‘They were great statesmen 
and great generals, and they had only 
been in Normandy about a hundred 
years when they crossed the English 
Channel, conquered the country, and 
gave to England for many  genera- 
tions to come her kings and nobles. 
But the Normans in their turn were 
absorbed or blended with the great 
mass of the Danes and the still earlier 
Saxons. In reality they were all one 
people. They had different names 
and spoke differing dialects, but their 
blood and their characteristics were 
the same. And so this Germanic peo- 
ple of one blood, coming through va- 
rious channels, dwelt in England, 
assimilating more or less and absorb- 
ing to a greater or less degree their 
neighbors of the northern and west- 
ern Celtic fringe, with an occasional 
fresh infusion from their own breth- 
ren who dwelt in the low sea-girt 
lands at the mouths of the Scheldt 
and Rhine. In the course of the cen- 
turies these people were welded to- 
gether and had made a new speech 
and a new race, with strong and well- 
defined qualities, both mental and 
moral. “rt: * 
This period, when the work of 
centuries which had resulted in the 
making of the English people was 
complete, and when they were enter- 
ing upon their career of world con- 
quest, is of peculiar interest to us. 
Then it was that from the England 
of Shakespeare and Bacon and Ral- 
eigh, and later from the England of 
Pym and Hampden and Cromwell 
and Milton, Englishmen fared forth 
across the great ocean to the North 
49 
American Continent. The first Eng- 
lishmen to come and to remain here 
settled on the James River, and there 
laid the foundation of the great State 
of Virginia. The next landed much 
farther to the north. * * * 
At the period of these two English 
settlements, and just about at the 
same time, the Dutch settled at the 
mouth of the Hudson and the Swedes 
upon the Delaware. Both, be it re- 
membered, were of the same original 
race stock as the English settlers of 
Virginia and New England, who 
were destined to be so predominant 
in the North American colonies. At 
the close of the seventeenth century 
and during the eighteenth there came 
to America three other migrations of 
people sufficiently numerous to be 
considered in estimating the races 
from which the colonists were de- 
rived. ‘These were the Scotch-Irish, 
the Germans, and the French Hugue- 
nots. The Scotch-Irish, as they are 
commonly called with us, were im- 
migrants from the north of Ireland. 
They were chiefly descendants of 
Cromwell’s soldiers, who had _ been 
settled in Ulster and of the Lowland 
Scotch, who had come to the same 
region. They were the men who 
made the famous defense of Lon- 
donderry against James II, and dif- 
fered in no essential respect either of 
race or language from the English, 
who had preceded them in America. 
Some of them settled in New Hamp- 
shire, but most of them in the west- 
ern part of Pennsylvania, Maryland, 
and Virginia. They were found in 
all the colonies in a greater or less de- 
gree, and were a vigorous body of 
men, who have contributed very 
largely to the upbuilding of the Uni- 
ted States and played a great part in 
our history. The German immi- 
grants were the Protestants of the 
Palatinate, and they settled in large 
numbers in western Pennsylvania, 
Maryland, and Virgnia. The Hugue- 
nots, although not very numerous, 
were a singularly fine body of people. 
They had shown the highest moral 
qualities in their long struggle for re- 
ligious freedom. They had_ faced 
war, massacre, and persecution for 
nearly two centuries, and had never 
wavered in their constancy to the 
creed in which they believed. Har- 
ried and driven out of France by 
Louis XIV, they had sought refuge in 
Holland, in England, and in the New 
World. ‘They were to be found in 
this country in all our colonies, and 
everywhere they became a most val- 
uable addtion to our population. 
(Concluded Next Week.) 
