NORTH SHORE BREEZE 9 
ALSACE AND LorAINE are still on the map. If some 
beneficient philanthropist would buy the territory from 
Germany and present it to France on Germany’s own 
terms the peace movement in Europe will have gained 
one hundred years. 
In BEvERLY the “bunch” have come to grief. Bev- 
erly rose to the occasion and voted out the group of men 
who have constantly blocked progress. 
EIGHTEEN MEN one way would have determined the 
Lynn election on license. It is regretable that a more de- 
cisive vote either one way or the other was not cast. 
ONE oF THE Most BRILLIANT ENGINEERING VISIONS 
of the decade is the plan to construct a tunnel from Eng- 
land under the straits to France. If this project can be 
financed and put through it will rank with the construct- 
ion of the Suez and the Panama canals. The plan has 
had many opponents, most of the opposition being based 
upon the war arguments. As early as 1890, the grand 
old man Gladstone said, “This project ought not to be 
opposed. I have deemed opposition to it on its merits, 
and particularly on the score of danger, to be not only 
unnecessary, but even ridiculous. At this moment my 
belief is that the people of England are not opposed to 
the tunnel. In France there has been no apprehension. 
We wish to promote the intercourse of nations.” The 
plans have already taken shape and they ought to be exe- 
cuted. 
HORTICULTURE 
And Kindred Interests 
(Department managed by a North Shore Gardener) 
WINTER PROTECTION AND COVERING 
Winter protection and covering for 
plants protects them by preventing 
alternate freezing and thawing, or 
in some cases partly or entirely pre- 
vents freezing. The harm of alter- 
nate freezing and thawing is that 
newly transplanted small plants are 
lifted out of the ground and roots 
broken, 
Evergreens are harmed by the loss 
of moisture when the sun thaws the 
tops and the roots remain frozen. 
The cells of plants are broken open 
by freezing, as a lot of glass bottles 
would be broken if filled with water 
and allowed to freeze hard. Hardy 
plant cells are able to withstand the 
pressure of frozen sap. Parts of 
plants otherwise hardy may be killed 
if freezing weather finds them in a 
Sappy, growing condition. Orange 
trees have been killed entirely by 1 
low temperature coming when the 
trees were in active growth. Tihe 
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bark was split open up and down the 
trunks. The same low temperature 
coming when the trees were dormant 
did no harm. When plant cells are 
frozen once and remain frozen it does 
less harm than when the process is 
repeated. 
Familiar materials used for pro- 
tection from sunshine and drying 
winds are evergreen brush, straw, 
litter, hay, leaves and pine straw, 
used lightly; also board fences and 
burlap. When the object is to pre- 
vent freezing as much as_ possible 
heavy mulches of manure, leaves, 
straw, etc., are used. Banking up 
plants with soil will retard freezing. 
Protection must vary according to 
the plant protected. Plants that start 
early in the spring should not be cov- 
ered heavily. Strawberries and other 
plants carrying soft tops over winter, 
as Canterbury bells, fox gloves, pan- 
sies and English daisies are best pro- 
tected with only a light covering to 
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keep off the sun and wind. Mulching 
to keep out frost would be beneficial 
to fall planted trees and shrubs as 
they will make new rootlets if the 
grounds does not freeze immediately 
after planting. These rootlets enable 
the tree or shrub to draw moisture 
from the soil to replace that lost dur- 
ing the winter, thereby preventing 
winter killing. 
Lillies planted in the fall should 
be mulched heavily with leaves, as 
they need to make a root growth dur- 
ing the fall and winter. 
Roses may be banked up with soil 
and if tender varieties, protected by 
additional leaves, manure, etc. 
Climbing roses may be screened 
from the winter sun with evergreen, 
brush or burlap. 
Rhododendrons are benefited by a 
heavy mulch of leaves, which should 
not be removed in spring. If the 
mulch is considered unsightly, cover 
with a little soil each spring. In case 
that builds up the bed too fast, re- 
move pile and turn when reducing to 
leaf soil. If in an exposed position, 
rhododendrons are shaded from the 
sun with burlap or brush screens or 
covering. In windy positions wind 
breaks of boards are provided, Do 
not remove the top covering of 
shrubs until the roots thaw out. 
Tulips, if covered at all, need to 
be uncovered very early. 
Damage may be done if covering is 
put on too early in the fall. It is 
good policy to wait until the ground 
freezes before covering roses or any- 
thing liable to be gnawed by mice. 
Mice pick out their winter home be- 
fore the ground freezes. A covering 
of manure, leaves or _ particularly 
straw containing grain, is an invita- 
tion to move in for the winter. Your 
fruit trees subject to girdling by 
mice and rabbits are protected by 
various methods, such as tar paper 
wrapped around the trunks, wire fly 
screen, wire, etc. 
The public has already forgotten 
