NORTH SHORE BREEZE 
GOOD COAL 
WOMAN’S CLUB LECTURE 
“EconoMic CONDITIONS IN EUROPE” 
Supyect oF InstRucTIvE TALK 
By Miss CoLe 
The heavy rain of Monday night 
doubtless kept away many people who 
would otherwise have enjoyed hear- 
ing the address on “Economic Condi- 
tions in Europe,” given by Miss Jen- 
nie Cole of Beverly at the Congrega- 
tional chapel under the auspices of the 
Manchester Woman’s club, this being 
the first of a series of three lectures. 
At the outset Miss Cole spoke of 
the economic conditions in the allied 
countries and in the offensive coun- 
tries, later upon the causes of the war 
followed by a very brief resume of 
the modes of operations of the coun- 
tries engaged. 
England has the advantages of 
territorial unity, a well established 
government and a large manufactur- 
ing trade; France has real thrift 
coupled with art and literature, and 
the wonderful economy of the French 
people has been the country’s pre- 
paration for the present war; Bel- 
gium, a tiny country, which could go 
into the area of Texas 2214 times, 
has one of the strongest constitu- 
tional governments in the world, a 
splendid code of laws and the thrift 
of the French intensified; Russia 1s 
“the land hungry monster of the 
earth,” and has the biggest army 1n 
the world, which advantage 1s some- 
what offset by the lack of progres- 
sive training. 
Of the offensive nations, Germany 
has had the most tremendous develop- 
ment, which has all come within the 
last 40 years since the Franco-Prus- 
sian War in 1870 when France lost 
Alsasce and Lorraine. ‘The intensive 
economy of Germany is equal to that 
of Belgium and its production great- 
er than that of Belgium, and Ger- 
many controls vast amounts of the 
supplies of potash, nitrogen and phos- 
phorus, which mean so much in agri- 
cultural activities. Germany's vast 
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trade has grown up within the last 
25 years and is due to (1) the supply 
that meets the world’s demands, (2) 
an extensive credit system and (3) 
the very careful packing of all goods. 
A great asset to Germany is the 
domesticity of her people. Italy, al- 
though a member of the Triple Alli- 
ance, has not yet come into the war, 
and Austria is characterized particu- 
larly by the “heterogeneous conglom- 
eration” of races in her territory, and 
she joined the Triple Alliance to pro- 
tect herself from aggressions from 
the East. 
Perhaps the greatest cause of the 
war is the old thorn which has been 
rankling in the side of France since 
Germany took from her the two 
provinces of Alsasce and Lorraine in 
1870. Bismark’s “policy of blood and 
iron” brought about the Triple Alli- 
ance to keep Russia in her place. For 
many years wars and unsatisfactory 
peaces which were established tended 
to the Bulgarian war of 1913, which 
also was settled unsatisfactorily by 
leaving Albania with the important 
port of Trieste independent. After 
the assassination of Ferdinand of 
Austria on June 28 of this year, Aus- 
tria in less than a month’s time had 
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sent her ultimatum to Servia, Ger- 
many ordered Austria to demobilize 
her troops and two days later had 
turned her own forces toward France. 
During this process Belgium was de- 
populated as Germany pushed her 
way to Ostend, which she hopes to 
make the basis of operations against 
England. 
Everyone regretted that Miss Cole 
was obliged to bring her talk to such 
an early close and everyone present 
felt that the time was well spent. 
HortTicuLTURAL Society Notes 
Vice-Pres. Wetterlow presided at 
the regular meeting of the society, 
Dec. 4. 
Mr. John Kirkegaard gave an in- 
teresting lecture on “Insect Pests,” 
speaking briefly on the leopard, gypsy 
and browntail moths, the elm leaf 
beetle, cankerworm and many others. 
A committee of seven was appoint- 
ed to make arrangements for the an- 
nual banquet of the society. The so- 
ciety adopted a set of rules presented 
by the Library committee. 
The next meeting will be held, Dec. 
18th, and will be opened promptly at 
seven thirty. 
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