et es 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 125 
Care of Wells.—Care is required with reference to two points; (1) 
water, (2) salt, the former being by far the most troublesome. Both are 
derived from the great limestone lying above the Clinton formation, and 
if it were possible to prevent the salt-water from reaching the gas sand no 
trouble would be experienced from either. 
When the closed pressure is large the water is driven from the gas 
rock by simply opening the well at the top, and allowing the gas to drive 
the water from the well; but when the pressure has become small, as it 
will be in all cases sooner or later, the force of the gas may not be sufficient 
to lift a column of water filling a two inch tube. In such cases an inch 
tube is inserted inside the two inch, and the pressure of the field turned 
into the large one, thus forcing the water through the smaller tube. 
The frequency with which wells require blowing varies with the 
nature of the well. Some require attention twice a day; others twice a 
a week; others once a week, etc. ‘The time required to clean the well 
varies greatly, increasing with the quantity of water to be removed and 
the decrease of the rock pressure. Perhaps the average time in the Sugar 
Grove field in 1902 was 15 or 20 minutes. 
Trouble from salt arises in one of two ways, either by accumulating 
in the gas rock, or around the end of the tubing, and so shutting off the 
flow of gas. This is removed by first pouring water into the well, and thus 
dissolving the salt, and then blowing the brine out by the method already 
explained. In obstinate cases vinegar is used in place of water. 
Composition of the Gas.—Below is given an analysis of gas from 
the Thurston field, the work having been done by Prefessor C. C. Howard 
of Starling Medical College: 
Per cent. 
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For comparison there is given an-analysis, made by the same chemist, 
of natural gas from the Trenton limestone at Findlay. 
Per cent. 
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