STATE GEOLOGIST. 197 
Feet. 
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1,490 feet of 614 inch casing. 
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The great guide-post of the driller in this part of the territory is 
the Mountain limestone or “Big lime,” as it is popularly known among 
the drillers. This is everywhere present in the field, and has a thickness 
ranging from 35 to 110 feet. It has a light color, is quite hard and hence 
easily recognized. The great formation appears to be here unbroken, but 
farther north in this county it is interbedded with layers of sands which 
sometimes contain valuable deposits of oil. Directly above the “Big lime” 
a bed of sandstone is occasionally found; this sometimes makes a show of 
oil, but never becomes an important producer on the Ohio side of the 
Sistersville field. The West Virginia geologists call this sand the Maxton. 
The Oil Sands.—The oil sands of this pool lie immediately below the 
Mountain limestone or “Big lime,’ and comprise the Big Injun group. 
This is here divided as follows: 
The Keener sand. 
Big Injun< Shale (break). 
group. Big Injun (proper). 
The Keener sand, which lies immediately below the Mountain lime- 
stone, was named from the ‘Keener farm, near Sistersville. On the Ohio 
side the sand has a thickness ordinarily of from 20 to 30 feet. It is fre- 
quently a producer of oil, but is not the principal source until the village 
of Mechanicsburg is reached, in the extreme northwest corner of the field. 
Below the Keener is a “break” or a bed of shale, having a thickness ordin- 
arily ranging from 5 to 35 feet, and rarely disappearing altogether. Below 
the “break” lies the third member of the group, the Big Injun proper, 
having frequently a thickness of more than 100 feet. When the “break” 
disappears, the two oil rocks run together, forming a sandstone of great 
