STATE GEOLOGIST. 239 
Below this formation is a bed of dark colored slate, having a thickness 
of from 15 to 25 feet, and this is succeeded in turn by the Big Injun, con- 
sisting of a series of alternating sand and slate layers, and having a thick- 
ness usually of less than 100 feet. At times it is charged with brine, but 
at other times is quite dry. The Berea has an average thickness of be- 
tween 40 and 50 feet. The upper part of he formation changes gradually 
into shale, and so it is not sharply delineated. An average section of the 
formation in this field according to Prof. Beale is as follows: 
Feet 
Giigaiyans ely grs enn Cinitee we wreck stcs aaepeucad fee ace ie eon deal eee ewes outs 13-15 
Like the above, but more compact and shelly........ 10 
Pay-rock, fine even grained sand.............2.ecece- 6-11 
BD Te coer Sl ai OR wewneesenreanenaten tora cnn: Suet aaes waren ck) orticavate: coe cele» 1-20 
Lower part of sand; called “Clover-leaf” by the. 
CUSTD Keyl e heio cha Sie UE DSCC Ow ado Fic Dit eC eRe eee oar pehedpote 3 
The upper two divisions are known as “the lime” among the drillers. 
They are, however, a shelly sand rock containing some carbonate of lime. 
Thus far but little drilling has been done below the pay-rock, and hence 
the two lowest strata are not well known. It does not seem probable, 
however, that the “Clover leaf’ sand extends over a considerable area. 
The most remarkable character of the sand is its absence of dry streaks. 
It is said that not a dry hole was drilled in the whole field. Of course 
in the village where a well was driven on nearly every lot, the sand was 
soon exhausted of oil, so that the later wells were unproductive. 
The wells have not been large when compared with some found in 
other parts of the state. The best did not exceed 125 barrels per day. 
The production, however, keeps up well, and this, with the absence of dry 
holes, has made the field a very profitable one. Thé oil has a gravity of 
42 degrees B., a red-brown color, and commands the Pennsylvania price. 
Usually the flow of gas from the wells has not been large, in fact the 
quantity has been scarcely sufficient for fuel to operate the wells, but on 
the west side of the extreme northern part of the field in sections 3 and 9, 
a few good gas wells have been secured. The rock pressure has reached 
400 pounds, and in 1go1 the fuel was supplying 175 families in Scio, the 
rate being 20 cents net per thousand cubic feet. These wells feed the 
boilers of the Buckeye Pipe Line, the rate being just half of the above. 
Salt-water has never been troublesome except on the extreme southern 
side of the field, where in some places the brine flows from the well. 
The oil sand in the valley of Conotton creek dips very gently to the © 
southeast. The much greater quantity of gas in the northern extremity 
of the field suggests that the dip there may be more pronounced, and the 
same may also be true of the southern margin which may explain the 
abundance of salt-water in that part of the territory. No evidence of an 
anticline was found, but the pool may lie on the eastern slope of a low 
arch. 
