50 ANNUAL REPORT 
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Fig. 5.—Illustrated Use of Stairway and Baseboard, Alexian Bros.’ Hospitai, Chicago, III. 
FILLERS. 
Cement mortar or grout, a very thin liquid mixture of cement, sand 
and water, is frequently used to fill the joints in street paving. “Murphy’s 
Grout Filler” was among the first so used. This is a patented mixture 
of Portland cement, ground slag and sand; the claim is made that the 
slag gives both strength and impermeability to the mortar. 
Portland cement two parts, with fine sand one part mixed with suffi- 
cient water to make a fluid grout, makes a good filler for both brick and 
wood paved streets. Such a filler is impervious, durable, and gives good 
support to the blocks. ‘The strongest objection to its use with brick pave- 
ments is its unyielding character which does not allow for expansion. 
Frequently in hot weather, when expansion takes place, in brick paved 
streets having grout filling, the pavement will arch away from the 
foundation, causing the streets to rumble under traffic. Because the 
bricks are unsupported except by arch action, they are apt to yield under 
heavy traffic and long cracks or ruts appear in the street allowing water 
to reach the foundations, thus quickly destroying the pavement. This 
danger can be prevented, however, by putting in longitudinal and trans- 
verse expansion joints of asphaltic or coal tar cements. 
GROUTING. 
Mr. Wm. J. McAlpine* says in substance, long experience proves 
that tight work can only be made in grouting masonry when neat cement 
*Eng. News, April 17, 1902. 
