: 
STATE GEOLOGIST. a3 
if there is any free lime in it, other causes being the workmanship. Cement 
mixed not stronger than one to three or four of sand is not liable to hair 
check, and if the stone is well seasoned before exposing to the weather, it 
will not hair check.” 
In reference to the cost of the stone, Mr. Stevens, writes, 
“We can get from one barrel of cement twenty-four pieces of stone 
10 by 12 by 30 inches, or 60 lineal feet. With Portland cement selling at $2.40 
per barrel, the cement in each block would cost ten cents; the other material 
being sand, gravel and crushed stone, the cost of these would depend entirely 
upon the locality.” 
He says that one man will make from 30 to 4o blocks per day of the 
size mentioned, and that with crushed stone at 85 cents per yard and sand 
and gravel at $1.25 per yard, they are making hollow trimmings, porch 
columns, etc., at 26 to 35 per cent. of the cost of natural stone work. 
His process for stone is shown by the sketch and patent explained below: 
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Fig. 8.—Illustrating the Method of Casting Litholite. 
EXTRACT FROM PATENT SPECIFICATIONS. 
Process of Making Artificial Stone. Charles W. Stevens, North Harvey, III. 
American Patent No. 699,588. 
The process of making artificial stone, which consists in forming a mold 
containing ‘a plurality of dry-sand cores, said cores being laterally supported by 
removable parting-boards and separated by parting-boards so disposed as to pro- 
vide a space between the opposing faces of said parting-boards, in then pouring 
wet artificial-stone compound into said mold around and between said parting- 
boards, in withdrawing said parting-boards while the stone compound is still 
Sufficiently plastic to flow into the space previously occupied by the parting- 
boards, and in then allowing the compound to set. 
The illustration, Figure 9, shows a beautiful monument which Mr. 
Warren S. Cushman, the sculptor, designed and which was erected at 
Woodstock, Ohio, in memory of the soldiers and sailors of the Civil War. 
