YH? ANNUAL REPORT 
put up in 48 foot sections, thus leaving a vertical joint every 48 feet for 
expansion. In the wall on the eastern right of way, the forms were held 
together by iron rods running through gas pipes; these rods were after- 
wards removed and the holes cemented up. On the western right of way 
the forms were held together by wires which were cut off after the forms 
were removed. ‘This method of placing forms is illustrated in Figure 20. 
LEVEE WALLS. 
Similar to the retaining walls are the walls built to withstand the 
pressure of high water along river banks. While levee walls are usually 
Steel Wire mt 
Fig. 20.—Section of Concrete Wall-Form, Showing Method 
of Holding and Bracing Forms, C. R. J. and P. R. R. 
built of earth, the city of Columbus has 245 feet or more constructed of 
concrete. Property and space in the heart of cities often becomes too 
valuable to use ordinary methods of construction in making the necessary 
improvements, and recourse is had to what at other times would be more 
expensive methods. In this case space was too valuable for earth em- 
bankment and a concrete wall was constructed by the city with day 
labor. Figure 21 shows a section of this work. 
The wall was 18 inches thick at the top and 50 inches at the 
bottom with a maximum height of 11% feet. The heart of the wall was 
constructed of concrete with the following proportions, 1 part Portland 
cement, 214 parts sand and 5 parts crushed gravel. The face of the wall 
