tA 
82 ANNUAL REPORT 
The Washington monument is also an instance of the use of concrete 
for heavy foundations. The monument is of marble and granite 555 feet 
high and 50 feet square at the base. The corner stone was laid on July 
4, 1848. The construction was carried on in a desultory manner so that 
the monument was not completed until 1884. In 1877, when the tower 
was about 175 feet high, it was decided that the original foundations 
were not of sufficient extent and strength to safely support the finished 
tower. An additional concrete sub-foundation 1314 feet deep and cov- 
ering 21,000 square feet of surface was skillfully constructed beneath 
the original foundation in sector shaped pieces. The concrete was com- 
posed of 1 cement, 2 sand, 3 gravel and 4 broken stone. The result seems 
to be perfectly satisfactory. 
Fig. 28.—Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, Showing Concrete Pedestal in Full. 
SEA WALLS. 
The concrete sea wall built by the United States government during 
its occupation of Cuba, along the sea front of the fort of La Punta in 
Havana, illustrates the use of concrete for this purpose. A wall was first 
planned for this place by a Spanish officer in 1875, but was not built. When 
