S88 ANNUAL REPORT 
yard in place. Milwaukee natural cement concrete was used for about 
27 per cent. of the heart of the mass above low-water; this cost $3.64 per 
cubic yard, and reduced the cost of the total mass of concrete to $4.72 
per cubic yard, in place. 
Harbor Side 
Sear: 
=Fora, 
SOGSIS E 
Cross Section.~ 
Details of 
Mooring Ring, 
View of Block, Lake Face. (olf less View of Block, Harbor 
Face. 
Fig. 34—Section of Buffalo Breakwater Showing Method of Construction. 
The section shown will illustrate the manner of construction and the 
method of reducing the shock of wave action. 
The Buffalo breakwaters, but lately completed, constitute one of the 
largest pieces of such work undertaken by the Government. The Buffalo 
breakwaters are known as the Stony Point, South Harbor, Old and North 
breakwaters, comprising 19,872 feet, or 334 miles of harbor protection, 
enclosing about 1,000 acres of harbor. Some portions are rock-filled tim- 
ber cribbing, other portions are loose rock rubble work, but large portions 
are now capped with concrete either in large blocks or monolithic. In 
portions of the work, concrete blocks 7.2 by 5 by 8 feet in dimensions and 
weighing 18.92 tons were carefully set in place and interlocked by dovetail 
or joggle joints. On top of these, monolithic concrete caps were con- 
structed. Sections are given in figures 33 and 34 showing the different 
forms and methods of construction used. Figures 35 and 36 show the 
work in different stages of construction. 
