C 
114 ANNUAL REPORT 
proper work has been done, concrete walks have grown in favor very 
rapidly. In some towns ordinances have been enacted requiring concrete 
walks and not allowing any other kind of walk to be laid within their 
limits. A good concrete walk should have a 3%% inch basé with a one inch 
wearing surface. Upon gravelly or well drained soil this will be suffi- 
cient, but in clayey or heavy soils it is best to construct the walk with a 
subfoundation consisting of from 4 to 10 inches of well compacted gravel 
or cinders. 
Fig. 59.—Concrete Pavement at Bellefontaine, 
Ohio, Showing Longitudinal Wheel Marks. 
Drainage is also necessary in heavy soils in order to prevent heaving 
of the walk during the winter weather. Another precaution that should 
be observed is to cut the walk into blocks about 5 feet square, taking 
pains to cut entirely through both foundation and surface layers, so that 
any heaving from frost or settling due to poorly compacted sub-bed, will 
not break the individual stone, but simply move the block at the cutting 
line. The attempt to cheapen the work by, using a natural cement for the 
base and a Portland cement in the wearing surface is ill-advised economy. 
