STATE GEOLOGIST. WALT 
thus allowing storm water to seep into the foundation and road-bed to cre- 
ate havoc. Debris, which usually collects in the gutters, is more easily 
carried along by the storm water, hence a cleaner looking street is the 
result. The general appearance of a combined curb and gutter is more 
pleasing to the eye. So once more concrete has found an opportunity to 
usurp the place of other building material. Figure 62 shows a section, 
with average dimensions, of a combined curb and gutter as used upon 
Ninth avenue, Columbus, Ohio. Such a curb and gutter costs about 75 
cents per lineal foot. 
FENCE AND FENCE POSTS. 
Around the old village of Woodruff Place, now within the corporate 
’ limits of the city of Indianapolis, is a concrete fence, not a wall, but a 
fence with posts and stringers with large concrete balusters or palings. 
The posts are about 24 inches by 36 inches in cross-section and 4 feet high 
set every 10 feet. A top rail 20 inches wide and 8 inches thick runs from 
post to post, with a base rail quite near the ground. Connecting the two 
rails and spaced 18 inches center to center are ornately shaped balusters. 
The fence is not in the best of repair, but it has been in place for thirty 
years or more and is in fair condition core saity its age and the probable 
manner of construction. 
POSTS. 
At the zoological garden in Washington, the officers in charge have 
put concrete bases on the iron posts which are to be used in fencing in 
the larger wild animals. The advantage is very apparent. Iron would 
rust out quickly, and having rusted, might give way at some time without 
any warning, allowing valuable or dangerous animals to get away. With 
the concrete base upon the post several things are gained. First, the 
enlarged base gives more firmness to the post; second, the iron below 
ground is protected from moisture and from action of soluble chemicals 
in the soil, and third, as the concrete comes to the surface the post above 
the concrete is open for inspection and any weakness or corrosion can be 
detected before harm is done. These posts consist of small iron pipes 
or bars set in the center of the concrete bases which are 12 inches square 
and 24 inches deep. 
MILE POSTS. 
The Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad * has adopted a concrete 
mile post. The post is 8 inches square and 8 feet long, standing 41% feet 
out of the ground. The figures are 3% inches high and the letters 6 
inches high, both being recessed 14 inch into the post. The post weighs 
498 pounds. 
The sides of the form are plastered 1% inch thick before the ordinary 
concrete is put in. A special feature of the post is that the face contain- 
*Hing. News, Jan. 1, 1903. 
