STATE GEOLOGIST, 165 
horizontal beam similar to the above described beam and 4 feet 4 inches 
wide, which extends in front of the face wall about 214 feet and is con- 
3 nected by low buttresses to the face wall. This projection is about 2% 
to 3 feet below the street level. The whole mass of concrete which is 4 
to 6 inches thick is reinforced and connected by a system of Hennebique 
steel bars. 
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Fig. 103.—Section of Retaining Wall Used 
at Paris Exposition, Hennebique System. 
By the arrangement of the horizontal beams the retaining wall is 
aided in supporting the thrust of the earth behind by the weight of the 
earth resting upon the beams. The location of the beams is such as to 
break up and reduce the thrust upon the thin vertical face wall. A por- 
tion of the tendency to overturn is also taken up by the forward portion 
of the lower beam and its bracing buttresses. ~The two figures 103 
and 104 illustrate the construction better than the description. 
In 1897, Messrs. Lehman and Moller invented a simple but efficient 
retaining wall which was patented in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, 
by a patent dated April 21, 1899. It consisted in a thin L shaped section 
of concrete, reinforced by steel, resting upon the shorter arm of the L and 
