174 ANNUAL REPORT 
also of great benefit where the rise and fall of the water level hastens the 
decay of wooden piles. Figure 114 illustrates this form. 
Fig. 113.—Raymond Pile Core, Which Collapses 
and is Withdrawn After the Shell is in Position. 
ELEVATED RAILWAYS, TIES, TRESTLE BENTS, TURNTABLES, ETC. 
Elevated Railways.—The | St. Louis Expanded Metal Fireproofing 
Company have designed a steel concrete structure for elevated railroads 
which they claim can be constructed for less money than can a steel 
structure. The maintenance of such a structure should be less than one 
of steel and the beauty would certainly be greater. Figure 115 illustrates 
their design. 
Ties.—In many localities, railroad ties are not easily procurable. 
At best they decay and wear out rapidly. Because of this, railroad 
