STATE GEOLOGIST. 179 
PRISON CELLS. 
Concrete is used to great advantage in the construction of jail and 
prison cells. The steel reinforced walls are exceptionally strong and 
take up but small space. When floors, walls and ceilings are all made 
of steel concrete, it becomes a very easy matter to thoroughly cleanse 
a whole corridor of cells. It also prevents the spread of vermin. 
In cleansing, the hose with water under pressure may be used to 
advantage. It is also a’great protection against fire. 
STEEL-CONCRETE DAMS. 
Fielding System.—*Mr. J. S. Fielding, Pittsburg, Pa., suggests a 
novel method of reducing the cost of dam construction by reducing the 
amount of expensive material used. He suggests using reinforced con- 
crete constructed in rough rectangular compartments, which can be filled 
with earth or loose stone to give gravity stability to the dam. Figure 117 
illustrates his design. ‘The fore and back walls are connected every 
ten to twenty feet by cross walls in which the tie members are im- 
bedded. 
Pr=3)P5he=, -¥— 
520,000 Ibs. 
400" 
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Proposed Steel and Concrete Section. 
Fig. 117.—Proposed Design for Hollow Concrete Dam. 
Theresa Dam,—A hollow concrete steel dam was lately constructed 
at Theresa, N. Y.i It is 120 feet long and 11 feet high. It consists of a 
solid concrete toe, a series of solid concrete buttresses 12 inches thick 
spaced 6 feet center to center, and an inclined up-stream concrete face 6 
inches thick, reinforced with Thacher bars and expanded metal. In 
the toe and buttresses the concrete was proportioned 1 cement, 3 sand 
and 6 stone, while for the water-face of the dam the proportions were 
I cement, 2 sand and 4 broken stone. Figure 118 clearly shows the 
construction and illustrates the great saving of material in such a 
form of construction. 
*Hngineering News Nov. 16, 1899. ° 
+Hngineering News Nov. 5, 1903. 
