210 ANNUAL REPORT 
The action of an amount of water insufficient to dissolve all of the 
lime present (100 cc. to 5g.) on the fused tri-silicate, for thirty days, 
followed by a treatment with sugar solution for 29 and 186 days, gives 
a residue approximately, 3CaO2510,3H,O and 3CaO2Si0,6H,O. 
The Work of Zulkowski.—Of special interest are also the results 
of the synthetic experiments of Zulkowski.* He prepared mixtures 
of various hydrolites, studied their behavior and found great diffi- 
culties in burning them, due to the high heats required and the contam- 
ination of the mixtures from the refractory lining. The first mixture 
prepared was the bi-calcium silicate, which, according to theory, should 
exist in two modifications, a hydraulic, active one, a basic metasilicate, 
obtained by rapid cooling or quenching, and an inert body produced on 
slow cooling. Zulkowski succeeded in producing some of the active 
variety and found it to harden satisfactorily, setting in three hours and 
becoming very hard in one month. The water content of the hydrate 
he found to be 4.06 per cent., and since the theoretical basic meta-calcium 
silicate contains 9.45 per cent. of water his specimen contained by 
calculation only (4.06 100) —+9.45—42.9 per cent. of the hydrolite. He 
did not succeed in producing a purer variety, and hence he resorted to 
the use of fluxes, using barium, boric acid and fluorspar. Since, how- 
ever, these additions obscure the real properties of the mixtures, we 
cannot go further into the discussion of his elaborate results. In 
regard to the tri-calcium silicate, he denies its existence very strongly, 
basing his objection on the fact that such a compound would require 
silicon to have a valency of 6. However, Zulkowski made the attempt to 
produce it in a Seger kiln, but found that the apparently clinkered 
product broke down to dust. The burn lasted 10 hours. On making 
up with water it did not harden. 
The dimagnesium meta-silicate produced by Zulkowski on heating 
for 8 hours at a white heat, set in 2 hours, and after two months in 
water was of moderate hardness. It was found to contain only 3.31 
per cent. of water of hydration, showing an exceedingly slow reaction. 
The di-calcium aluminate burnt to vitrification was found to set 
very rapidly in 2 to 3 minutes, showing distinct heating. After three 
months in water it showed an enormous hardness. The water of hydra- 
tion found is shown by the following amounts: 
Per cents. 
LAG ayer et Beare nee RLS ani Savi Aven tase cee ee eres 12.43 
DOLBY S Pe OE NE IN Oo eT ee eT ee Re ented Ay 
BCA Stier dicta Wage teldaye owas eustrect ay ete eerey ne eran mae ete eee ae 21° 6% 
BOCA Seer eosh hac veiace ean an wi naew cy GOW rake ie ta ae nie Bens 24.93 
A pat which was two months in water contained 22 per cent. of 
water of hydration. The mono-calcitm aluminate set in 2 minutes, 
———<—$—— ——$———— EEE 
*Sonderabdruck aus der Zeitschrift, “Die Chemische Industrie.” 1901. 
