GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 97 
in the upper part:of the valley—thicker below. Over this is found a 
gray shale, and this supports a massive and coarse, often pebbly, yellow- 
ish sandstone, that has frequently cut the shale entirely away, and 
formed many “horsebacks” in the mines. This is, apparently, what is 
known as the Mahoning sandstone in western Pennsylvania. It shows 
the pebbly character, to which I have alluded, in many portions of Ohio, 
as near Liverpool, in the eastern part of Columbiana county; in Tus- 
carawas county, near Zoar, etc.; and this serves as one of several 
means for identifying the Big Vein of Salineville with the Big Vein of 
the northern and eastern portion of Columbiana county, or Coal No. 6 of 
Stark, Tuscarawas, Coshocton, etc. 
Above Coal No. 7 the prevailing rock is ochreous-yellow or olive-green 
shale, often sandy, and, near Salineville, it contains, at its base, some 
heavy masses of sandstone. Near the top of the green shale series is 
commonly found a red shale, which deeply colors the summits and upper 
portions of the slopes on either side of the valley. 
Above this we find from two to six feet of fossiliferous Lmestone (the 
Crinoidal limestone) and a thin seam of coal. Over these are twenty to 
thirty feet of green shale, covered, and sometimes replaced, by ferrugin. 
ous sandstone, generally friable and yellow, but occasionally massive and 
reddish. Fragments of this stratum may be seen in the hill-tops all the 
way from Salineville to Linton. 
Salineville-—At Salineville Coals No. 6 and No. 7 have been very ex- 
tensively mined by Messrs. James Farmer and John Hayes, by the Penn 
sylvania and Ohio Coal Company, and by several other mining firms 
Mr. Farmer was a pioneer in the development of the coal industry in this 
locality, and to his energy is largely due the fact that Salineville has 
been one of the chief contributors to the coal supply of Cleveland and 
the Lake market. Coal No. 7 is here a very bright, silvery, and pure 
coal, largely used and highly esteemed as a mill coal, and for this pur- 
pose extensively shipped to Cleveland. It is about three and a half feet 
in thickness. 
At Salineville Station Coal No. 6 is from six to seven feet in thickness 
and lies near the grade of the road, or about three hundred feet above 
Lake Erie. In this vicinity it shows, as do the other strata, numerous 
folds and much disturbance; it dips toward the north-east, and passes 
below the level of the creek a few rods from the station.* Below this 
point the limestone which lies beneath Coal No. 7 makes its appearance 
*It rises rapidly in the opposite direction. At the salt well it is fifteen feet above 
grade; at the Pennsylvania and Ohio Company’s mine, thirty feet, and one hundred rods 
above, seventy feet above the station. 
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