54 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
unity displayed by the soils overlying the Drift gravels of Stark county, 
and the drift clays of the Western Reserve; but the prevailing charac- 
ter of soil is that of the large territory lying within the coal basin, and 
beyond the reach of the Drift. The surface features of all this great 
district I have remarked upon elsewhere. It finds exemplification in Co- 
lumbiana, Carroll, Harrison, and other counties south. The surface is 
rolling, with rouuded hills, separated by broad valleys from one hundred 
to three hundred feet lower than the hilltops. Though so much diversi- 
fied, this surface is nowhere barren; the hills are frequently steep, but 
almost never broken, and are composed of sheets of sandstone, shale, 
limestone, fire-clay, coal, etc., which, furnishing material for the soil, im- 
part fertility even to the highest summits. Hence, it is not uncommon 
to see luxuriant crops of corn growing on the most elevated surfaces, and 
to find a prevailing productiveness, which is quite independent of the 
topography, and which is sure to excite the wonder of those who have 
formed their ideas of agriculture in regions where the valleys are fertile 
and the hills are barren. 
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. 
Tuscarawas county lies entirely in the coal area, and no rocks come 
to the surface within its limits except such as belong to the Coal 
Measures. These include all the lower groups of coals, with the excep- 
tion of the lowest, and there is, perhaps, in no other county of the State 
a better exhibition of the Lower Coal Measures. Many of the highest 
hills also include a portion of the Barren Measures, but none rise high 
enough to reach the Pittsburgh seam (Coal No. 8), the first in ascending 
order of the upper series of coals. The general geological structure of 
the county will be seen at a glance by referring to the engraved sections 
given in this report, as these were taken at points somewhat remote 
from each other, and where the greatest geological intervals are exhibited. 
An analysis of these sections, with descriptions of the distribution, 
character, and local development of each of the useful minerals found in 
the series, are given below, to which are added some notes on the geology 
of the mcst important topographical subdivisions of the county, and 
tables of analyses of coals, iron ores, etc. 
COAL No. lI. 
Coal No. 1—the-Massillon seam—has nowhere been opened in Tus- 
carawas county, nor has it been found of workable thickness in any 
borings. It is known to all who have had much experience in coal-min- 
ing in the northern part of the State, and to those who have read our 
