COLUMBIANA COUNTY. 117 
i FT. 
8. Ward sandrock, containing a fissure from which gas issued with such 
force as to throw the water tweuty feet above the tp of the pipe for 
twenty-four hours, and was then exhausted ......--......--.--.----- 8 
9. Hard sandrock, with strong smell of oil, and first salt water .......-..- 5) 
10. Hard sandrock, with partings of shale, and strong gas vein which threw 
AEN HTS OTOH Re eX MDD eat Cet A Se a Ea eA eS PSI OA 56 
“There are seven wells in this vicinity, within an area of four by seven miles, all yield- 
ing some g»s—two a small quantity of oil, from two to three gallons per day. Five of 
the wells produced salt water, but only two in sufficient quantity to justify the erection 
of works. I had the superiutendence of the well of P. F. Geisse & Co., at Wellsville, for 
some months in 1362. We used gas for fuel, and produced about forty barrels of salt per 
week. This well is now abandoned, having lost its gas but retained its salt water. I 
have bored two wells to the depth of eight hundred to nine hundred feet, but found 
nothing but sandstone and fire-clay (Soapstone or clay shale) as far as 1 went. No sait, 
gas, or oil was obtained below six hundred feet. The water varies from flve to eight de- 
erecs of the salometer—about five degrees in the Geisse well and in our well bere. This © 
well produces about two barrels per day, requiring only about feur days’ labor per 
month. The salt is, however, of much less value than the gas, which we use for both 
light and fuel in several houses beside the salf works, and have a large surplus going to 
waste.” 
All the wells referred to by Mr. Dickey were begun within one hun- 
dred and fifty feet of the base of the Coal Measures, and penetrated deeply 
into the Waverly. The two hundred and ten feet of shale specified in 
the well register given by him doubtless represent the Cuyahoga shale, 
while the sandstones below, which contain the gas and salt water, are 
probably the equivalents of the Berea grit. We may also infer that the 
oil and gas were derived from the black shales of the Waverly, as at 
Mecca and Grafton. After these had been passed, barren ground was 
entered, consisting of the lower Waverly shales, and, perhaps, the upper 
Chemung. Probably if the boring had been c irried deep enough to reach 
the vicinity of the Huron shale, another gas and oil horizon would have 
been reached—that of the Pennsylvania wells; but the supply from this 
source would be small unless coarse sandrocks which could serve as reser- 
voirs were found, or strata more or less disturbed. Within the last fifty 
years an Immense number of wells have been put down for oil or salt in 
_this portion of the valley of the Ohio, and the total absence of all indica- 
tions of coal beyond one hundred and fifty feet below the level of the river 
proves conclusively that the base of the Coal Measures is passed at about 
that depth, and fully confirms the conclusions we have arrived at from 
the study of the strata which lie above drainage., We learn another 
thing from these borings, viz., that Coal No. 1, which has so great value 
along the northern margin of the basin, is in this region generally thin 
or wanting, so that it can not be counted upon with any certainty as an 
element in the resources of this part of Columbiana county. As the Bar- 
