118 - GEOLOGY OF OHIO, 
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ren Measures crown the hill-tops along the Ohio and its tributaries, we 
see that all the really valuable coal seams of the lower group, as devel- 
oped here, are fully exposed to view, and that there is no probability of 
the discovery hereafter, in this district, of valuable deposits of coal, iron, 
or clay, in addition to those now known to exist. 
Gas Wells—All the wells mentioned by Mr. Dickey were bored for oil 
or salt, but the flow of gas from some of them has since prompted special 
efforts to obtain gas that might be used for heating and lighting. Sev- 
eral of these efforts have been attended with success, and gas derived 
from gas wells makes quite an important contribution to the comfort and 
revenues of the inhabitants of this section of the county. At Liverpool 
Messrs. Laughlin Bros., manufacturers of iron-stone china, have sunk a 
well to the depth of five hundred and eighty feet, from which they ob- 
tain gas for heating their boilers and for highting all their buildings. 
Mr. Thompson’s store also is lighted by the gas from another weil. At 
Jethro there are several wells producing gas, which is used for hghting 
houses. One of these has been purchased by Mr. William Brunt, with 
the intention of transporting the gas to Liverpool. 
Ou Wells.—Just above the mouth of the Little Beaver the coal seams 
are in part replaced by heavy beds of sandstone, and in some of the sec- 
tions taken there only one workable seam of coal is found, and this less 
than three feet in thickness. Numerous borings for oil in this vicinity 
have also generally failed to give evidence of important beds of coal be- 
low the river level. In some of them, however, coal was struck at some- 
thing like one hundred and fifty feet from the surface, under black shale, 
and between two massive sandrocks, one of which I have supposed to be 
the Massillon sandstone, the other, perhaps, the Conglomerate. 
Most of the borings penetrate deeply into and sometimes through the 
Waverly formation, and the oil of this region plainly comes from a still 
deeper source, probably from the same formation with that which sup- 
plies the oil of Oil Creek, viz, the Huron shale. 
The quantity of oil obtained here has always been relatively small, 
yet the aggregate product of several hundred wells has been such as to 
make this industry an important one. Very little is, however, now pro- 
duced from the wells situated within the limits of Columbiana county. 
The Valley of the Lsttle Beaver.—A few miles above the mouth of the 
Little Beaver the banks of this stream are quite rich in useful minerals, 
as will be seen by the following section taken on the farm of Charles 
Fulke, Esq., three miles from Glasgow : 
FT IN. 
Ley Shale and San A StOme yi Sey hele Ts eA TMeN eDa y sinue aFe UBA Rr ydiapaeevln a 50 0 
PMN OY o> Las 0 PANT Ace aI Red eT VLA I ap gD eA CA IN A LA Se Ot a ela 3 0: 
PAST) SB. 2) Ta a NG a NIRA A RU ey es a 
