STARK COUNTY. 153 
more westerly, is one hundred feet deep, all drift. At the charity school, 
as I learned from the Hon. A. C. Wales, a well was sunk to a depth of 
ninety feet, through beds of sand and gravel, without reaching the rock. 
An interesting fact connected with this well is that, near the bottom, 
logs of coniferous wood, apparently cedar, were taken out. About a mile 
east of this point, at the mine of J. B: Hawkins, coal is worked, and the 
underlying rocks are covered with a thin coating of earth only. It is 
evident, therefore, that here the east side of the old Tuscarawas valley is 
reached. As the rock is exposed on both sides of the river at Massillon 
and Millport, we see that the river is now running on the west side of its 
ancient trough, and though it here has a rocky bottom, east of its pres- 
ent course the rock would not be found, even at a considerably greater 
depth. Just how deep the ancient valley of the Tuscarawas is in this 
section of the county we have no means of ascertaining, but we learn 
from the salt wells bored at Canal Dover that the bottom of the rocky 
valley is there one hundred and seventy-five feet below the surface of 
the stream. Another, and perhaps the most important of these ancient 
lines of drainage, runs between Canton and Massillon. At the ‘ Four- 
mile Switch,” half way between these towns, rock comes near the surface, 
and coal has been worked at Bahney’s mine and other places in this 
vicinity. Explorations have been made, which show that between 
“ Hour-mile Switch” and Massillon is a ridge of rock, which hes between 
two valleys, viz., that through which the Tuscarawas flows, and another 
completely filled, between Massillon and Canton. 
Between Massillon and Navarre the road for the most part lies upon a 
terrace, the surface of which is about seventy-five feet above the river. 
This terrace is part of a plateau, which extends in some places more 
than a mile east of the river. It is composed of gravel and sand, of 
which the depth is not known. On the other side of the Tuscarawas the 
rock comes to the surface, quarries have been opened, and borings for 
coal have been made, which show that for some miles below Massillon 
comparatively little drift covers the rock. It is evident, therefore, that 
the ancient river channel passed under the terrace over which the road 
runs from Massillon to Navarre.. Below Navarre the river sways over to 
the east side of its ancient valley, striking its rocky border on the “ Wet- 
more tract.” Here the gravel-beds, which fill the old valley, are on the 
west side of the river. 
‘Taken by themselves, these deeply excavated and filled-up valleys 
which traverse Stark county would be somewhat incomprehensible, but 
when considered in connection with other facts of similar character, they 
help to form a record, which, though still somewhat obscured, may, I 
