162 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
and the same coal is opened on the land of J. McCollum, west of the resi- 
dence of ‘Dr. Dales. In both cases the coal exhibits the characteristics 
of the Atwater seam, and there can be no reasonable doubt that it is No. 
4. Owing to the irregularity of the action of the barometer at the time 
when the observations were made, I can not state accurately what the 
level of this seam is, compared with that of the coal below, but the inter- 
val would seem to be less than usual. 
The analysis of the coal taken from Dr. Dales’s borings proves conclu- 
sively, however, that the coal which he struck is the Briar Hill seam. 
This analysis, made by Prof. Wormley, is as follows: 
YA AC2 RPE i SY a eR WS ARE NAL NRE DWN Vn sl Sli URN eh hallacata oy Mila 2 3.260 
AS AACN LCT i aS galteaik TUR UE MERE, NESTA ACS Sid 2 ROE RE ORAS a 4,30 
Woleune wornincialus Wiehe. 46455 cago Sooo on bodo oseouuldowtaoloucous 33.40 
ES KC ATT) OMY sect hdres = Sere eA Sh aR a PO eal a a a a el I 59.20 
POCA ae ie Ls ABN k CAAA Se AEN PR EE DOT RR Lit a gc ee a pa 100.10 
Salar eis an EM lM EY ERG TR, A LWe DURA in Gee A INE Rs ORME ee 0.82 
The Massillon coal district is, practically, one of the most important in 
the State. The number of miners employed here is about fifteen hundred. 
A capital of over $2,000,000 is used in the production of coal, and the an- 
nual yield of the mines may be estimated at 1,000,000 tons. Most of this 
coal goes to Cleveland by way of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas Valley 
and the Cleveland, Mt. Vernon and Delaware Railroads, and by the Ohio 
Canal. A large amount is also consumed in and about Massillon, where 
it is used for a considerable variety of manufactures. The most impor- 
tant use to which the coal is here put is for iron-smelting, since it is the 
fuel exclusively used in the two furnaces at Massillon and one at Dover. 
These furnaces have been in operation for many years, and the iron 
which they produce has a well-established and excellent reputation. It 
is for the most part made of blackband ore, and closely resembles the 
Scotch pig. This is not surprising, since the materials and methods em- 
ployed are almost exactly the same as those used in Scotland. ' These 
have proved remunerative during years of experience, yet the methods 
of the Scotch iron-masters can be easily shown to be susceptible of im- 
provement. By adding close tops to the furnaces, increasing their dimen- 
sions and the temperature of the blast, there is little doubt that most 
impoitant economy in the use of the fuel may be effected. With the 
present method of manufacture, the Massillon furnaces consume three 
and a half to four tons of coal for every ton of iron made. This is cer- 
tainly a wasteful use of fuel, which, from its great excellence and limited 
quantity, ought to be husbanded with the greatest care. The Massillon 
