STARK COUNTY. : 167 
of a thin seam of coal above the massive Massillon sandstone, and it is 
sometimes referred to by the drillers as the ‘“Fifteen-inch seam,” but is 
oftener from six to twelve inches. Though persistent over a large area, 
it has rarely any economic value, and deserves notice in the report on 
the geology of Stark county simply as a tolerably constant feature in the 
section, and one that is liable to be mistaken for the lower coal. The 
distance which separates it from the Massillon seam is quite inconstant, 
and varies from sixty to one hundred feet. In another county this seam 
becomes of workable thickness, and it has therefore been named in our 
enumeration of the coal seams as Coal No. 2. 
_Another thin coal seam is also sometimes found immediately beneath 
the Massillon sandstone, but this is very frequently cut away by the 
forces which deposited this rock. It may be seen, however, at several of 
the quarries in the vicinity of Massillon. At Warthorst & Co.’s quarry 
the lower surface of the sandstone is very irregular, owing to the erosion 
of the underlying shale. At the north end of the quarry the junction 
of the sandstone and shale is well shown, and for a limited distance a 
thin coal seam is interpésed between them. On either side of this ex- 
posure, however, the sandstone cuts out the coal and fills deep excava- 
tions in the shale. In the mine of the German Coal Company, north of 
the quarries of Warthorst & Co., the sandstone has been found cutting 
down to and through the coal and forming a “horseback,” which has 
proved a serious impediment to the miners. As explained elsewhere, 
such “horsebacks” are produced by currents of water which have cut 
away the soft shale and coal, and have deposited sand—now sandstone— 
in their places. In the cliff above the Bridgeport mine the thin coal re- 
ferred to above is exposed, lying between the shale and the Massillon 
sandstone, and it is generally met with, from one to two feet in thick- 
ness, in the borings made west of the river. 
Coats Nos. 3 AND 4. 
At a distance of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred feet above 
Coal No. 1 occurs the lowest of the two limestone seams which traverse 
this, as they do many other of our coal-bearing counties. In Stark county 
Coal No. 8 is sometimes absent, sometimes has a thickness of a few inches, 
and rarely becomes of any economic importance. From twenty five to 
fifty feet above it occurs the second limestone coal. This is well developed 
in Stark county, and in some cases has considerable value. 
In the subterranean rocky ridge which lies between the valley of the 
Tuscarawas and the old channel west of Canton, both the limestones re- 
ferred to, and sometimes both the limestone coals, may be seen, the upper 
