JEFFERSON COUNTY. 719 
given in charts Nos.3 and 4, which accompany Vol. I of this report. 
These charts include a series of sections taken along the Ohio, from 
Smith’s Ferry to Mound City; much the greater number of which are 
in Jefferson county. From them it will be seen that the general section 
of the rocks of the county include the following strata: 
1. The Upper Coal Group with Pittsburgh coa! (No. 8) at base ...-..-.-... 300 
OSebhe) Wower barren measurese. asses sso ck oe ok R SOtS Re ee 450 
3p bhem lower Coal Group i ssacian sis ceed cS Sats Soe leecesentl oad cess eed s 350 
In the northern part of the county, the upper-half of the hills is 
composed of the red and olive shales of the Barren Measures, with the 
Cronoidal Limestone—which lies about midway of that series—near the © 
top; while the lower slopes of the valleys cover all the workable seams 
of the Lower Coal Group, that is, Coal No. 3 (the “Creek Vein”), No. 4 
(the “Strip Vein”), No. 5 (the “Roger Vein”), No. 6 (the “ Big Vein”), 
and No. 7 (the “Graff Vein.”) Coal No. 3 generally lies above the bot- 
tom of the valleys, and there are one hundred and fifty feet or more of 
Coal Measure strata beneath it, which have been penetrated by numer- 
‘ous borings or shafts. These include two or three thin seams of coal 
but none of workable thickness. The section at Irondale, on the op- 
posite page, gives a very good view of the succession of strata in this 
part of the county, but it does not show the famous beds of fire-clay be- 
neath Coal No. 8, which is so conspicuous and valuable an element in 
the mineral resources of this part of Ohio. In the lower part of the 
Yellow Creek Valley, and along the Ohio, this bed is well developed and 
largely worked. 
In the central*part of the county, about Steubenville, the hills are 
capped with the Pittsburgh Coal, with its associated limestones. Below 
these, to the level of the Ohio, succeeds the great mass of shale and sand- 
stone which forms the Barren Measures. The first of the Lower Coal 
Group-—Coal No. 7, which in the northern part of the county lies two 
hundred feet above the river, is carried down by the rapid southerly dip, 
and reaches the river level near the mouth of WillsCreek. At Steuben- 
ville it would be found some fifty feet below the river, but it apparently 
runs out here, and the first workable seam found in the shafts is No. 6@— 
the second from the top of the Lower Group of coals. 
In the southern part of the county, the dip has carried the Steuben- 
ville shaft (No. 6), nearly two hundred feet below the river, and the 
Pittsburgh Coal, (No. 8), has come down in the hills so as to underlie 
much of the surface, and is quite extensively mined. Stillfarther south 
Coal No. 6 passes beyond present reach, and Coal No. 8 is the chief source 
of the supply of coal. At the mouth of the Wegee this, too, passes be- 
neath the river. 
