JEFFERSON COUNTY. 175 
8 is so high up in the hills that it is found usually in patches of from 
fifty to one hundred acres, only in a few instances much larger than the 
latter. North from the railread the surface is elevated and broadly 
rolling, so that, excepting near the eastern portion of the township, the 
distance which one must pass through inferior or “crop” coal is so great 
that the expense deters many from opening banks. This cost of run- 
ning a long adit could easily be saved in many instances, by sinking a 
shaft fifty or one hundred feet, as the case may be, from the outcrop, and 
thus reaching sound coal at once. In the great majority of cases the 
depth of such a shaft would not exceed fifteen feet, and the amount of 
water would be so small, that the increased cost of mining would be 
very slight. The area in which the coal is available does not extend far 
north from the road leading through the middle of the township from 
Smithfield Station to Steubenville. The exact limit cannot well be de- 
termined owing to the general character of the surface which is buried 
under debris, but there is reason to believe that only widely separated 
patches are found as far north as the road from Cross Creek Station to 
Steubenville. Aiong the other road the coal is usually seen at about 
sixty feet below the tops of the higher hills, there being only two in- 
stances of deeper covering. The section along this road is very clear, 
and can be verified at several localities, especially near the brick church 
and school house. Near the latter, where the highest ground is reached 
the section is as follows: 
Sip IN 
1. Shaly hmestone with some flaggy limestone.........--.---.------ 40 we 
ee COCUPN Ol Os WiORLMNOSSisc cents coms sccsas ccs cue sce cisccincs ceeckelsmes 1 6 
3. Sandstone and arenaceous shale.........-....---.------ paateatats 60 ne 
ACO WMNON Sree eas ticle nnesiedacletisa socces dccsiccwdeedesdeecs | D ae 
Meo naleganolllaccous pvarlevasedeeessieeaaseee selsaeeleseinecalocieerieieet oD ae 
GNeeleiumestonewconelomeravenonsmccisemnecitoona)ne celine ssointeacintee 2 
The distance between 8 and 10 is the same .as that near Unionport. 
The limestone immediately underlying 8 elsewhere toward the south, is 
missing here, and at every other exposure along this lineto Steubenville. 
In this portion of the township there are many deserted banks, nearly 
all of which seem to have been abandoned because of the difficulty of 
drainage. The only one in operation is that belonging to the England 
heirs, which is situated very near the eastern line ofthe township. The 
full section of the coal here is— 
LP ROOMCOAE He Senin oc a catia ot ate arcclsuccloccslsecocecevcc cou Li foot? inches: 
Le LON gee ees a ety Soler ais ciel Anlare siewielo we dnc eee cece) pollo Leanchess 
See COC LEE eee ove ee a inng Selo creek, As Caste ocibbleswmebies 1 foot 6 inches. 
AEP AL OLN Deer ene enon ea bin acnolecksss o seccls secnaddeaaccunm neh, 
By. CES S66 SSG GOA ees el NIE eA Ba BY oe CV 10 feet. 
