802 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
haps cut out by a sandstone which runs through all the sections except 
the last, and is what has been designated in the preceding notes as the 
Massillon sandstone. We here have nothing like its greatest develop- 
ment, as in the Foster shaft it is one hundred and forty-six feet in thick- 
ness. 
The limestone ten feet in thickness reported as cut in the Pennel 
slope, if what it is represented to be, is an anomaly in the county. It 
lies one hundred and thirty-six feet above the Block Coal, and doubtless 
represents the upper of the two limestones which traverse the county ; 
but this is nowhere else nearly so thick, unless we can imagine that this 
is the Lowell limestone here brought down more than one hundred and 
fifty feet nearer the level of the Block Coal. than it is at Lowell. We 
had no opportunity of examining this rock, and the section is that fur- 
nished by the proprietors of the mine. 
In the southern part of Austintown, Coal No. 3 is found in place from 
one and a half to three and a half feet in thickness, but genera:ly not of 
very good quality. L?mestone and ore occur over it. 
YOUNGSTOWN. 
The first development of coal mining in the valley of the Mahoning 
took place at the old Brier Hill and Crab Creek mines near the north 
line of Youngstown. The search for coal has radiated from this center 
in every direction, and as a consequence the country about Youngstown 
has been were thoroughly explored than any other part of the county. 
A number of extensive basins have been discovered here, and several of 
them quite largely worked. 
The most important mines in Youngstown are those of the Brier Hill 
Coal Co., Arms & Bowers, Wick, Ridgeway & Co., the Holland Coal Co., 
on the south side of the river, and the mines of the Powers Coal Co., 
Andrews & Co., the Kyle Coal Co., the Foster Coai Co., the Mahoning 
Coal Co., the Brier Hill Coal Co., and H. B. & P. Wick, south of the 
river. Of these one of the most interesting is that of the Foster Coal 
Co., located in the southern part of the township. The coal here lies at 
the shaft about two hundred and thirty feet trom the surface, and in the 
bottom of the basin is five feet 6 inches thick, of excellent quality. The 
basin forms a narrow channel with a general east and west bearing, but 
its extent and connections have not yet been fully ascertained. About 
one hundred and forty feet of the shaft was sunk through sand rock (Mas- 
sillon sandstone) which was found saturated with salt water. This is 
said to have yielded on evaporation one pound of salt from one and a half 
gallons of brine. The water found in the underlying shale and coal was 
fresh. In sinking this shaft no limestones were met with, as they were 
