MAHONING COUNTY. 805 
of fire-clay beneath, and fifty feet above this is the Lowell limestone 
fourteen feet thick, which caps the hill and terminates the section. Half 
a mile further back from the river, on the farm of Mr. J. Moore, and 
twenty feet above the limestone, a coal seam is reached and somewhat 
worked. The first conclusion arrived at in regard to the upper part of 
this section, was that the thick limestone was identical with the upper 
- limestone of Columbiana county; that the overlying coal was Coal No. 6, 
and the thin seam below, No. 4; but, as remarked on a previous page, 
the identification of the Lowell limestone with the “ white limestone” 
further south cannot be demonstrated on account of the Drift-covered 
area, which separates their outcrops; and until proof to the contrary shall 
be gathered, we must admit the possibility that the Lowell limestone is 
a different stratum, lying at a lower level, and distinct from any met 
with further west. If this is true, we have here a remarkable thickening 
of the Lower Coal Measures, for the Lowell limestone hes nearly three 
hundred feet above the nearest outcrops of Coal No 1, and nearly a hun- 
dred feet higher than the “white limestone” at Palestine, twelve miles 
south. | 
The Lowell limestone is an element of great economic importance in 
the geology of this region, since it has been largely used for blast furnace 
flux, and in fact supplies nearly all the limestone consumed for this pur- 
pose in the Mahoning Valley. Only the upper half of the stratum is 
quarried, as the lower portion contained more chert, and is less esteemed. 
The princ pal quarries on the south side of the river are those of Mr. J. 
Moore, Messrs. J. and L. Earle, and Mr. Pence. _ 
On the north side of the river the exposures are less complete, but they 
show some remarkable changes which very well illustrate the local and 
uncertain character of some of the strata in the Lower Coal Measures of 
this region. The Lowell limestone is here found capping the hills about 
fifteen feet in thickness, and affords a reliable starting point, making 
the section which is given below: 
ED EIN 
IEP MNES FONE e een sacs ats Anjos eert ieee oni Baile ute ba adls wtlcitioain wes 15 sc 
PePAT A ACCOUSHS NA Ope eters ciniacioleciaimiviela, Wet asics oct aici bine! chain ain mie'e 3 2 
Bh, OORT SS BS SS Se Gee leis cieeaes EERE IESE Css ei | I Ra ats 8 
AML LO Clay sincere seer icin. ane a Soe Me ale calc atecsle dws ds cou las 2 
dpe Al cilaceousvandisandy shales: 222.22 so2s coeece coe seo sce coe cues 30 
Cells SS Ghias WGN oe cas suSboo da5ado eob6ke cb6Qs0 0608 Bob S06 56a6er 1 ee 
PMCID VAS Al Olcwrecisike slomeitaiars az) Succes samdils'cinmaiaoewd Uae Meme. 10 ate 
Ste COaI (NOSE har eavenioe lan S una ie noes. aaa sues cone 2ft.6in.to 4 2 
Sele Clavjpan GQ Shal Ow: scm scceecmiys vet a nates oe wee elated io uel, 59 
LOM Mimestone eye eee sees. bBo Scolsshdas CUOUCO DoOSEo todd ba seeoor ae 2 a 
fe OAT yes Ma) eye cee se bok) Nee ur eee Th ee i Se a 10 to 15 3 
oem COMPNO MS heme cecal soe setios ecginicinwice AaL se miseee caplenetabiceotl 2 a 
183. Fire-clay, shale, and sandstone, etc., imperfectly exposed to river. 175 ne 
