220 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
they are so steep and the soil so thin. Much attention is paid to sheep- 
raising, which is thought to be the only pursuit yielding a fair interest 
on the value of the land. It is probable, however, that eventually Guern- 
sey county will become important as a dairy district, for it possesses many 
springs of cool, soft water,and its hill sides are fitted only for pasture. 
The outlets are the Central Ohio Railroad, running east and west 
through the southern portion of the county, and the Cleveland, Pittsburgh 
and Marietta Railroad, which passes through the western portion, while 
another road will probably be built in the east. The county seat is 
Cambridge, on the Central Ohio Railroad, which is rapidly increasing in 
population and business importance. Throughout the county the inhab- 
itants are industrious and, notwithstanding the comparative poverty of 
the soil, prosperous. 
*GENERAL GEOLOGY. 
The consolidated rocks belong wholly to the Coal Measures. In the 
eastern portion, the lower strata of the Upper Coal Group are exposed, 
and in the north-western corner some are seen belonging to the Lower 
Coal Group. The main portion of the county shows nothing but rocks 
belonging to the Lower Barren Group, which are chiefly sandstones and 
shales, with a few thin limestones and several uncertain beds of coal. 
In this county we find two anticlinals. The more important one seems 
to be closely related to that already described in the report on Harrison 
county, and has a north-eastern and south-western direction through 
Londonderry, Madison, Center, Cambridge, and Adams townships. Its 
synclinal axis passes through Monroe, Liberty,and Adams. Near Antrim 
the north-westward dip is nearly one hundred feet to the mile, but towards 
Cambridge it apparently decreases. In that township it evidently throws 
off a spur of small dimensions to the south. The eastern slope has been 
more eroded than the western, and .several small areas of Coal No. 8 are 
found on the latter, separated from six to ten miles from the western 
outcrop of that coal. Along the southern prolongation of the axis erosion 
has been so active as to render the phenomena very obscure. 
The other anticlinal crosses the Muskingum line into Guernsey county 
not far from the junction of Knox township, Guernsey county, and Lin- 
ton township, Coshocton county, and is identical for some distance with 
the “Irish Ridge” of the former township. It is quite abrupt to the 
east, and causes an elevation of not less than one hundred and thirty 
feet. The direction is east of north and west of south, so that the trough 
between it and the axis already referred to becomes very narrow toward 
the railroad. | | 
