RICHLAND COUNTY. } 317 
ments of chert, and a large quantity of iron ore. In many places it isa 
silicious iron ore, and would be valuable if there were a local demand 
for it. | 
This Conglomerate contains in places a great profusion of calamites, 
lepidedendra, sigillaria, etc. 
Below this is a series of shales corresponding to the Cuyahoga shales 
of the north-eastern counties, in part argillaceous, with fragments of 
crinoids and nodules of iron ore; and in part silicious, containing the 
ordinary sub-carboniferous fossils. The transition is here apparent 
through which the varied strata composing the.Cuyahoga shales pass, 
in going southward into the homogeneous, sandy, olive shales of the 
Waverly; and this member of the series is here much more silicious 
than it is further north. It varies much in thickness, ranging from one 
hundred and ten to two hundred feet or over. In places the lower part 
of it becomes massive, and not distinguishable from the Waverly Con- 
glomerate upon which it rests. Nowhere in it have I observed minerals 
of any economic value. 
Waverly Conglomerate.—TYhis is the characteristic rock formation of the 
county, and from its lithological character in many places might readily 
be mistaken for the ordinary Carboniferous Conglomerate, but its horizon 
can be definitely traced at a varying distance of from one hundred to 
two hundred and fifty feet below the true Conglomerate, and upon care- 
ful study can everywhere be readily distinguished from it. It is gener- 
ally more thoroughly and evenly stratified than the Carboniferous Con- 
glomerate, the pebbles are usually smaller; the grains of sand forming 
the mass of the rock are mostly globular and transparent. When col- 
ored by iron it is oftener in regular bands or layers, as the result of more 
perfect stratification, and pebbles and grains of jasper are more abundant. 
The distinction between it and the Carboniferous Conglomerate of this 
immediate neighborhood is still more marked. The latter is quite coarse, 
containing large pebbles, some of them but little rounded fragments of 
fossiliferous cherty limestone, and many coal plants, including sigillaria, 
calamites, lepidodendra, cordaites, etc. The plants of the Waverly Con- 
glomerate are mainly fucoids. The iron in the latter, shown only by the 
color of the rock, is magnetic, preventing the use of the compass in the 
vicinity of its massive outcrops. 
In Plymouth township, about three miles southwest of Plymouth vil- 
lage, David Sissenger has a quarry in the Berea grit, showing something 
of a transition between this quarry rock and the coarse Conglomerate. 
About twelve feet in thickness of the rock is exposed, the upper layers 
yellow, thin, and much broken, the lower ones more massive, blue in 
