RICHLAND COUNTY. 319 
ship, the Waverly Conglomerate is quarried and exposed by outcrops 
and bluffs in several places. It is here one hundred feet thick, and its 
surface by barometer is four hundred feet above the exposure of the 
Berea in Plymouth village. It is a coarse massive sandstone, in places 
white, in others colored with iron, containing many quartz pebbles, and 
presenting a strong resemblance to the ordinary Conglomerate. In James 
Mason’s quarry about thirty feet of the structure of the ledge is exposed. 
It is much broken up, and except at the top has no regular stratification, 
and is all coarse. In places it is full of pebbles, and bears little resem- 
blance to any of the northern exposures of the Berea. Glacial strie were 
here observed, bearing south 32° east. 
If this is a continuation of the Berea, its lithological characters here 
rapidly changed, and in the distance of about twenty miles it has risen 
between three hundred and four hundred feet. This may be the tact, 
but from a comparison of all the observations made, it is pretty certain 
that it has no connection with the Berea, but is simply an ancient shore 
deposit of coarse material, having no great horizontal range, and not 
always to be found on the same vertical horizon. The Waverly rocks in 
: passing northward become much more silicious, and the sandy layers are 
generally composed of coarser materials. In places they consist entirely, 
so far as they are exposed, of thin fragile layers of sandy shale, consti- 
tuting the typical olive shales of the Waverly. These, in places, pass 
into a compact quarry rock, similar to the Logan sandstone of Fairtield — 
county, and often, at a distance of from one hundred and twenty to two 
hundred and fifty feet below the Coal Measure rocks, are succeeded by 
this coarse Waverly Conglomerate. This, it is true, is about the distance 
bolow the Coal Measures at which the Berea is found at the north. But 
there is a great thickening up southward of the Waverly rocks, and this 
Conglomerate has neither the persistence, nor any of the lithological 
characters of the Berea. Its base, where well defined in Knox county, is 
shown by borings to be over three hundred and fifty feet above the top 
of the red or chocolate shales, which is there a well-defined horizon, and 
appears to be identical with the Cleveland shales of the Cuyahoga yal- 
ley, which are about seventy feet only below the Berea. These borings 
disclose the fact that the Huron, Hrie, and Cleveland shales extend 
northward through these counties with little change in their lithological 
characters—the Hrie greatly reduced in thickness; that above them 
there is a marked thickening of the Waverly rocks, and such a change 
in their mineral constituents and mode of deposition, as to make their 
subdivision into Cuyahoga shales, Berea grit, and Bedford shales, so 
clearly defined in the Cuyahoga, impossible. ‘The interval between this 
