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336 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
It will be seen from this section that the highest hills rise over two 
hundred and fifty feet above the Carboniferous Conglomerate. The coal- 
measure rocks cover the greater part of Jackson and Butler townships, 
and a small area in the north pari of Jefferson. The highest hills in 
Jackson rise one hundred feet above the upper outcrops of rock and are 
covered with the bleached and earthy debris of cherty limestone. These 
limestone hills are exceedingly fertile, and produce excellent crops of corn 
and other grains. The upper rock exposed is a massive sand rock, proba- 
bly the equivalent of the Massillon sandstone, and the upper coal bears a 
strong resemblance to Coal No. 1. Attempts have been made to mine it 
for local use, and the coal has been exposed of a thickness of from 
eighteen to twenty-four inches. The material immediately above it 
indicates the action of eroding agencies immediately after the deposi- 
tion of the shales covering the coal. 
The shale is in patches, sometimes three to four feet thick, in other 
places wanting ; the sandstone there resting upon the coal, and in places _ 
cutting it out altogether. This sandstone is irregularly bedded with 
waved and contorted lines of stratification, and is capped with from six- 
teen to eighteen inches of coarse pudding stone or breccia, containing 
also water-worn quartz pebbles. The heavy sandstone above this is com- 
pact, massive, and evenly bedded. 
The coal is of fair quality, in two benches, in places showing consid- 
‘erable sulphur, and at the outcreps does not exhibit a thickness which 
would make mining profitable except for local use. The thickness and 
extent of the coal rocks, and the fact that they include three horizons of 
coal, would fully justify further exploration. This exploration could be 
made most easily by drilling from the top of the hills, so that the holes 
would pierce all the strata, disclosing their character and thickness. 
The shales below this coal indicate less active disturbances, and whatever 
was originally deposited on the line of the two lower outcrops probably | 
now remains. A fourth horizon of coal is found above the upper massive 
sandstone at the bench on the hills, one hundred feet below the highest 
points, but no outcrop of rocks was observed at this elevation. The 
cherty debris of the limestone above Coal No. 4 is abundant upon many 
of the hills, and constitutes flint ridges in the northern part of Butler 
township. Much less promising territory in other places has been suc- 
cessfully explored, and valuable deposits of coal found. The coal rocks 
of Butler township extend to within about eight and a half miles of 
Gambier. At the nearest point is an outcrop of the fire-clay of the lower 
coal, but the water flowing from it shows much sulphur, an indication of 
coal of inferior quality. 
