346 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
eighty-five feet, and was six feet deep; the third sand-rock at five hun- 
dred and eighty-five feet, and was nine feet thick. The red shale was 
reached at five hundred and ninety-five feet. This well still flows oil, gas 
and brine; the latter yielding two pounds and ten ounces of salt from 
eleven quarts of water. | 
Well No. 4, the ‘“ Buckingham Well,” yields heavy green oil from the 
thin sand-rock, which was struck at about five hundred and sixty feet, 
and is eighty-eight feet thick. The record of this well was imyerfectly 
kept, and the red shale was not certainly located. Mr. Neff, in a supple- 
mental report, puts it at six hundred and twenty-eight fect. If this is 
correct, there is a reverse dip here to the south-west from well No. 5 to 
well No. 4, of twenty-eight feet. 
In well No. 5, the “Hard Well,” the third sand-rock was sraele at five 
hundred and seventy-five feet, and was ten feet thick, yielding gas, oil, 
and water, which still flow from the top of the tube, about eight gal- 
lons of oil perday. The red shale was reached at five hundred and eighty 
feet. If the record of the well is correct, the interval between the top 
of the red shale and the top of the Huron is sixty-two feet less than at 
well No. 8 or No. 6. 
These borings develop the following interesting facts : 
The surface disturbance is much in excess of that of the deeply buried 
strata, is therefore in part superficial, and covered by the undermining 
of the surface, as suggested above. 
There is a deep seated disturbance involving all the rocks down to and 
including the Huron shale, which is the great oil-producing rock, so that 
the dip of the strata is substantially northeast. Hastward the silicious 
rocks gradually give place to argillaceous shales, the coarse sandstones 
becoming thin or disappearing altogether. In the opposite direction, or 
westward, the materials are coarser, and the sand-rocks thicker. 
On the eastern margin of the territory explored by boring, gas pre- 
dominates, and at well No. 2 has flowed for ten years with a continuous 
pressure of about one hundred and eighty pounds totheinch. Westward, 
petroleum is more abundant. The oil is thus far nearly all found in the 
sand-rock directly above the red shales. 
The water obtained above the second sand-rock and that below the red 
shale is fresh; that between the second sand-rock and the red shale is 
salt, and affords a suggestion as to the probable source of the coloring 
material in the red shale—iron deposited by the salt water. 
The results obtained suggest further explorations in the south-eastern 
part of the district for gas, and in the western part for oil. With the 
new uses developed for natural gas, it is difficult to decide which would 
be the more valuable. | 
