* 
LICKING COUNTY. 349 
glacial epoch a lake of considerable size covered the surface. These old 
flood-plains, from the same causes indicated in the report on Knox county, 
are exceedingly fertile, and all that is said of them there would be sub- 
stantially true of them here. The surface above these plains is divided 
into four topographical areas. In the district north of the Licking, and 
east of Rocky Fork, including the townships of Perry and Fallsburgh, 
are a succession of hills rising to the rocks above the third coal seam. 
These are separated by the deep and narrow valleys of the modern streams, 
which generally have a rock bottom and bluff banks. The slopes of the 
hills are usually covered with the debris of the local rocks. North of the 
Licking, and between the North Fork and Rocky Fork, are similar hills 
in Mary Ann township, rising toa height sufficient to catch the lower 
coal, and in Newton township to the horizon of the Carboniferous Con- 
glomerate, which is here mainly represented by a stratum of silicious 
iron ore. 
In the south-eastern part of the county are hills of like character which 
reach above the horizon of Coal No. 6, the surface diversified in a similar 
manner by a net-work of deep ravines, the channels of the recent streams. 
In the north-eastern part of the county is a high, undulating table- 
land, the rocks all Waverly, and in the northern and central part deeply 
covered with unmodified Drift clay. The undisturbed, billowy surface of 
the original deposit still remains, except upon the borders of the streams 
and upon the southern slope where the clay of the Drift has all been car- 
ried away, and the evidences of its presence remain only in the pebbles 
of the streams and occasional erratics on the slopes of the hills. 
In the south-western part of the county an irregular series of low hills 
project into the old water-plains of the valleys, in part covered with 
Drift, the latter in places extending below the beds of the present streams. 
SURFACE DEPOSITS. 
Along the valley of the old channel that enters the county from the 
north, and a little west of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the surface 
is in many places composed of the original, undisturbed bowlder clay, 
marked by frequent swamps and marshes. In places, deposits of sand and 
gravel designate the line where excavations were carried to a lower level. 
Farther south the channel of excavation was wider and beds of gravel 
and sand are more abundant. Three-fourths of a mile south of Utica an 
isolated hill rises to the height of one hundred and fifty feet, composed of 
Waverly rock which resisted the denuding agencies that excavated the 
valley. Calvin Miller’s quarry, opened near the top of the hill, illus- 
